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4-3 Analysis of the simulated optimized ORC Turbogenerator 43 The best objective is achieved after 66 iterations which is represented by point A in the figure. The point B in the figure is interesting because after 150 iterations, the tool is unable to calculate the net output power. This limitation is mainly because of the limit on the number of fluids allowed in FluidProp database. FluidProp uses a fluid table to read the corresponding fluid files. This fluid table can only contain 1000 lines, implying 1000 fluids. Since the tool generates a unique hypothetical fluid file for each chromosome of the optimization variables, the number of hypothetical fluids exceeds the limit after 150 iterations. However, since the best objective is found to be well before point B, it is safe to claim that the optimum value of fluid and process parameters are achieved. Figure 4-5 illustrates a step-wise variation of the maximum net output power with respect to the number of iterations. 10.1 10.05 10 9.95 9.9 50 100 150 200 250 Iterations [−] Figure 4-5: Variation of the output power with number of iterations Thus the resulting optimum fluid is hypothetical and hence has to be mapped onto a real fluid based which is the second step of the CoMT-CAMD method outlined previously in Chapter 3. From Table 3-1, it is clear that the closest real fluids from the siloxane family are MM and MDM. The second step of the optimization process is thus to optimize the process again while keeping the fluid fixed to MM or MDM. The optimization process was run for both the fluids. The optimum ORC system running on MM has a maximum net output power of 10.20 kW which is high when compared to the system running on MDM which has a net output power of 9.77 kW and also higher than the optimum hypothetical fluid. The power output in case of MM is higher than the optimum hypothetical fluid because of a higher turbine inlet temperature. The preliminary turbine design for MM resulted in a turbine with a rotor diameter of about 37 mm and speed of revolution of about 133,858 rpm. Imoberdorf et. al. [61] present the application areas and limits of speed of revolution with respect to the output power illustrated in Figure 4-6. From the figure, it can be inferred that the speed of revolution, in case of MM, is very close to the technological limit of magnetic bearings for the range of output power obtained in this system. Furthermore, the optimum system with MM has a maximum cycle pressure of 20.78 bar. In case of MDM, the maximum speed of revolution from the preliminary turbine design is around 66780 rpm with a rotor diameter of 68 mm which is further away from Master of Science Thesis Akshay Hattiangadi Net Output Power [kW]PDF Image | Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle
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