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4-4 Turbine Results 45 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 −50 −100 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 Entropy [kJ/kgK] Saturated Line − D4 D4 (Lang et. al.) Saturated Line − Hypothetical Optimum Fluid Hypothetical Optimum Fluid Saturated Line − Real Optimum Fluid Real Optimum Fluid Figure 4-7: Comparison of T-s Diagrams for the optimized fluids and D4 of MDM, the condenser pressure is higher when compared to D4 because of its higher critical pressure. The cooling water enters the condenser at 80oC. The constraint on the volumetric flow rate of this cooling water as mentioned, in the previous chapter, leads to such higher condensing temperatures. The evaporator pressure in case of MDM is higher than D4. The higher evaporator pressure leads to a higher cycle efficiency which also leads to a higher turbine outlet temperature. Thus the amount of regeneration increases leading to higher temperatures at the evaporator inlet. This limits the exhaust temperature of the flue gases to increasingly higher values and does not improve the amount of heat recovered from the exhaust. Thus there should be a trade-off between the evaporator pressure and the net output power as the gain in output power in case of MDM is only 0.4 kW while the net thermal power recovered decreases for MDM by around 1 kWth with a change in evaporator pressure of around 4.5 bar which may affect the cost of the heat exchangers. Depending on further system design, the electrical power can be used by other on-board systems, or stored in batteries. Alternatively the turbine shaft can be connected to the engine crankshaft using a gearbox [21]. 4-4 Turbine Results The following section presents the results of the radial turbine model described earlier in Chapter 3. Table 4-4 shows a comparison of the performance of the radial turbine with the hypothetical and optimum fluids against the work of Lang et al.[21]. The model implemented in this work is based on non-dimensional parameters while Lang et. al. uses the turbine model based on the design methodology outlined by Whitfield and Baines [1]. The paper uses an impulse type radial turbine which imposes a zero degree of reaction on the turbine Master of Science Thesis Akshay Hattiangadi Temperature [degC]PDF Image | Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle
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