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4-4 Turbine Results 47 velocity. This also confirms the fact that an efficient diffuser was not designed and hence its beneficial effects were ignored in this work. Figure 4-9: The effect of rotor diameter ratio and blade solidity on radial turbine efficiency(from Rodgers and Geiser [42]) Another important factor which determines the design of the rotor is the blade solidity which is the measure of the strength of the blade given by the equation: Solidity = ZBL (4-1) D2 where ZB is the number of vanes, L is the rotor axial length and D2 is the rotor diameter at the inlet. The solidity of the blade has a significant effect on the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. A low solidity would mean that the deviation of the efficiency from the optimum would be about 8%. In this work, the turbine has a solidity of 6 with a diameter ratio of 1.85. Thus from Figure 4-9, it is seen that the efficiency is slightly over estimated with respect to the optimum. The number of vanes, ZB, can be evaluated based on Glassman’s equation [62] which is an empirical relation between the number of vanes and the nozzle outlet angle, α2 and is expressed as: ZB = π (110 − α2) tanα2 (4-2) 30 Using equations (4-1) and (4-2), the axial length of the rotor can be evaluated. The value of this axial length was found to be around 60 mm. The relative Mach number at the nozzle outlet is 1.59 which is greater than 1 and hence there is possibility that the uncertainty due to the supersonic flow at the rotor inflow would result in a lower efficiency, due to shock waves impinging on the rotor blades [63], though a more refined aerodynamic design might lead to shockless turbine operation in design conditions. Other factors that might influence the turbine fluid dynamic performance are the effects of tip clearance and windage losses [21] which are out of the scope of this work. Master of Science Thesis Akshay HattiangadiPDF Image | Working Fluid Design for Organic Rankine Cycle
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