PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 007
World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal typical equipment for a direct-use system includes downhole and circulation pumps, heat exchangers (normally the plate type), transmission and distribution lines (normally insulated pipes), heat extraction equipment, peaking or back-up plants (usually fossil-fuel fired) to reduce the number of geothermal wells required, and fluid disposal systems (injection wells). Geothermal energy can usually meet 80–90% of the annual heating or cooling demand, yet only be sized for 50% of the peak load. Geothermal Heat Pumps Ground-source heat pumps (GHPs) use the relatively constant temperature of the earth to provide heating, cooling and domestic hot water for homes, schools, governmental and commercial buildings. A small amount of electricity input is required to run a compressor, however the energy output is in the order of four times this input. The technology is not new: Lord Kelvin developed the concept in 1852, which was then modified as a GHP by Robert Webber in Indianapolis in 1945. GHPs gained commercial recognition in the 1960s and 1970s. Europe began using this technology around 1970 and it now popular in the USA, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, France and other western European countries. GHPs come in two basic configurations: ground-coupled (closed loop) which are installed either horizontally or vertically, and groundwater (open loop) systems, which are installed in wells and lakes. The type chosen depends upon the soil and rock type at the installation, the land available and/or if a water well can be drilled economically or is already on site (Fig. 9.3) Figure 9.3 Examples of common geothermal heat pump installations Source: Lund, et al., 2004 vertical two well horizontal direct pond In the ground-coupled system, a closed loop of high-density polyethylene pipe is placed either horizontally (1–2 m deep) or vertically (50–70 m deep) in the ground, and a water-antifreeze solution circulated through the pipe to either collect heat from the ground in the winter or reject heat to the ground in the summer (Rafferty, 2008). The open-loop system uses ground water or lake water directly in the heat exchanger and then discharges it into another well, into a stream or lake, or on the ground (say for irrigation), depending upon local regulations. 9.7PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
PDF Search Title:
World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources GeothermalOriginal File Name Searched:
WER_2013_9_Geothermal.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)