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9.10 Food Processing 1000C Building Greenhouse Fish Farm Apartment Refrigeration Plant 2000C Power Plant Cascading to maximize use of the geothermal energy Figure 9.6 Example of cascaded geothermal resource for multiple uses Source: Geo-Heat Centre World Energy Resources: Geothermal World Energy Council 2013 Summary of Current Geothermal Use Table 9.1 is based on data for 2008 reported by WEC Member Committees for the present Survey, supplemented by information submitted to the World Geothermal Congress 2010. Of the countries utilising their geothermal resource, almost all use it directly but only 24 use it for electricity generation. At end-2008, approximately 10 700 MWe of geothermal electricity generating capacity was installed, producing over 63 000 GWh/yr. Installed capacity for direct heat utilisation amounted to about 50 000 MWt, with an annual output of around 430 000 TJ (equivalent to about 120 000 GWh). The annual growth in energy output over the past five years has been 3.8% for electricity production and around 10% for direct use (including geothermal heat pumps). Energy produced by ground-source heat pumps alone has increased by 20% per annum over the same period. The low growth rate for electric power generation is primarily due to the low price for natural gas, the main competitor. The data show that with electric power generation, each major continent has approxi- mately the same percentage share of the installed capacity and energy produced, with the America’s and Asia having over 75% of the total. Whereas, with the direct-use figures, the percentages drop significantly from installed capacity to energy use for the Americas (26.8 to 13.9%) due to the high percentage of geothermal heat pumps with low capacity factor for these units in the U.S. On the other hand, the percentages increased for the remainder of the world due to a lesser reliance on geothermal heat pumps and the greater number of operat- ing hours per year for these units.PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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