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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal The hot dry rock (HDR) resource, at a depth of between 3 000 and 7 000 m, is thought to exist in the Crystalline Basement in the middle and south of the country, the Crystalline Base- ment in the Upper Rheingraben and the Rotliegend volcanites in the North German Basin. An evaluation of the maximum recoverable potential for electricity generation from HDR tech- nology has been estimated at 8 620 EJ and 90 EJ from hydrothermal resources. The first German geothermal power plant (230kWe) was inaugurated at Neustadt-Glewe in November 2003 to provide electricity for 500 households and a second 3 MWe plant began operating in Landau in 2007. A third 3.4 MWe plant at Unterhaching first generated heat dur- ing 2007 and then electricity in late 2008. Most of the district heating plants are located in the Northern German Basin, the Molasse Basin in Southern Germany, or along the Upper Rhine Graben. Two geothermal power plants at Neustadt-Glewe and Unterhaching also provide water for district heating. In addition to these large installations, there are numerous small- and medium-size geother- mal heat pump units located throughout the country. Under the prevailing economic and political conditions, multiple or cascaded uses are employed to help improve the economic efficiency of the direct use. For this reason many installations combine district or space heat- ing with greenhouses and thermal spas. No numbers are given for greenhouse heating. Greece Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe Annual output GWh Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 134.6 Annual output TJ 937.8 Annual capacity factor 0.30 Greece possesses both high- and low-enthalpy geothermal fields. The former occurs in the islands of Milos, Santorini, Nisyros, etc. located in the South Aegean volcanic arc. The latter are situated in the plains of Macedonia and Thrace and in association with the country’s hot springs. At the present time the geothermal resource is not harnessed for electricity genera- tion. Low-temperature geothermal fields occurring in structurally active sedimentary basins have a considerable potential. A small proportion of this heat resource is currently utilised, with an installed capacity of about 135 MWt for space heating, greenhouse and soil heating, bathing and spas, industrial uses, fish farming, cultivation of spiroulina and geothermal heat pumps. Although the number of heat pump installations in Greece does not equate with some other European countries, nevertheless there has been a strong rate of growth in recent years. The first half of the present decade was characterized by a diversification of direct applica- tions with new uses such as aquaculture, spirulina production, outdoor pool heating, water desalination and fruit and vegetable dehydration. However, in the past few years there has been a rapid expansion of geothermal heat pumps. 9.33PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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