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9.34 Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe Annual output GWh Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 16 Annual output TJ Annual capacity factor World Energy Resources: Geothermal World Energy Council 2013 Approximately 21 ha of greenhouses are heated, mainly for vegetable and cut flower growing, with 27 greenhouse units in the country run by 21 operators. Some soil heating, especially for asparagus, has increased significantly and is now 17 ha. There are more than 60 thermal spas and bathing centers in operation. A tomato dehydration unit has been oper- ating since 2001 producing more than 1,000 kg of dehydrated tomatoes per day. Geothermal water is used for frost protection for a number of aquaculture ponds during the winter. Approximately 350 geothermal heat pump applications are located in the country with about 65% being of the open loop configuration. Guadeloupe The double-flash plant at La Bouillante in the French Overseas Department of Guadeloupe is at present the only example of the island’s geothermal energy being utilised for electricity production. The plant was commissioned in 1985 but was closed between 1992 and 1996. The French Agency for Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) contributed to the development of the Bouillante high-enthalpy field by supporting 20% of the cost of drilling new wells. Following the rehabilitation of Bouillante 1, a 5 MWe double-flash unit, in 1996, the plant was able to supply 2% of the island’s electricity supply in 1998. Extensive exploration of the Bouillante field ensued and led to the drilling of three new production wells and a plan to construct Bouillante 2, an 11 MWe unit some 400 m from the original plant. Bouillante 2 was put into service in 2005 and currently some 10% of electricity generation is supplied by the geothermal resource. Geothermal electricity is not available on the mainland, but only in the Caribbean islands it can reach up to 20% of electricity needs. The high enthalpy utilization for electricity production in France is only in the French Overseas Department, at Bouillante on Guadeloupe island (Geothermie Bouillante). Its exploitation started in 1984, and a second unit in 2004 has been commissioned. The reser- voir temperature is 250°C at shallow depth. The total capacity of 15 MW, not increased since 2005, produces 95 GWh, corresponding to 8% of the local consumption. The activity for the third unit of 20 MW is ongoing. The final target will reach 20% of geothermal contribution to the electricity needs.PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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