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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal The principal use of geothermal energy is for space heating, with about 89% of all houses heated by geothermal resources. There is a total of about 30 municipally-owned geothermal district heating systems located in the country, the largest of which is Reykjavik. Iceland’s geothermal capacity for electricity generation has increased dramatically in recent years and is today representing about 30% of total electricity generation. Geothermal accounted for 62% of Iceland’s energy supply. The policy of the Iceland Government is to expand the use of renewable energy to an even greater extent. Direct use of geothermal power has not grown to the same extent as electric- ity generation but it remains of major importance, especially in the residential sector. Iceland’s economy has been seriously impacted by the global economic situation, which has slowed the pace of geothermal development. Reykjavik Energy has revised its projected drilling plans and although the company will continue with projects, they will take longer to come to fruition. Due to its location the country has very favourable conditions for geothermal development. The geothermal resources are utilized for both electricity generation and direct heat appli- cations. It provides 62% of the nation’s primary energy supply, with space heating the most important direct-use, providing 89% of all space heating in the country. The largest geothermal district heating system is in Reykjavik where 197,404 people are served with an installed capacity of 1,264 MWt and peak load of 924 MWt. Two other large district heating systems are located on the Reykjanes peninsula which serves about 20,000 people and the Akureyri system in northern Iceland serving about 23,000 people. There are 135 swimming pools in the country that use geothermal heat, generally open throughout the year. Snow melting has been recently increased to where 820,000 m2 are heated throughout the country, with most in Reykjavik. Most of the heat energy comes from the return water from space heating systems. Industrial uses include the seaweed drying plant at Thorverk; carbon dioxide production at Haedarendi; and fish drying by 18 small companies, producing about 15,000 tonnes of dried cod heads for export. The diatomaceous earth drying plant at Kisilidjan has been closed. Other industrial applications using geothermal heat are salt production, drying of imported hardwood, retreading of car tires, wood washing, curing of cement blocks, and steam baking of bread at several locations. After space heating, heating of greenhouses is the oldest and most important uses of geothermal energy. Crops produce include vegetables (55%) and flowers (45%), with an estimated 17.5 ha in operation at present. Fish farming has increased to around 10,000 tonnes in 40 plants by 2006, with salmon the main specie; however, arctic char and cod production are increasing rapidly. 9.37PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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