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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal

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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal ( world-energy-council-2013-world-energy-resources-geothermal )

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9.38 Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe Annual output GWh Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt Annual output TJ Annual capacity factor India World Energy Resources: Geothermal World Energy Council 2013 It has been estimated by the Geological Survey of India that the geothermal potential is in the region of 10 000 MWe, widely distributed between seven geothermal provinces. The provinces, although found along the west coast in Gujarat and Rajasthan and along a west-southwest – east-northeast line running from the west coast to the western border of Bangladesh (known as SONATA), are most prolific in a 1 500 km stretch of the Himalayas. Research has shown that there are 340 hot springs in India, most of which have a low-tem- perature resource and therefore only suitable for direct use. At the present time direct utilisation is almost entirely for bathing and balneological purposes. However, it is considered that greenhouse cultivation of fruit could be developed extensively in the future. Investigative studies are being undertaken in order to establish the feasibility of developing the geothermal resource for power generation. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is supporting a RD&D programme for such studies. The State Governments of Jammu and Kashmir and Chhattisgarh have indicated their willingness to develop geothermal fields for commercial operation. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has initiated a resource assess- ment study and has proposed the demonstration and use of heat pumps in Gujarat. An Action Plan for Indo-Iceland Geothermal Cooperation has been drawn up between the two Governments in order for Iceland’s geothermal expertise to assist in developing the Indian resource. It has been estimated from geological, geochemical, shallow geophysical and shallow drilling data it is estimated that India has about 10,000 MWe of geothermal power potential that can be harnessed for various purposes. Rocks covered on the surface of India ranging in age from more than 4500 million years to the present day and distributed in different geographical units. The rocks comprise of Archean, Proterozoic, the marine and continental Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Teritary, Quaternary etc., More than 300 hot spring locations have been identified by Geological survey of India (Thussu, 2000). The surface temperature of the hot springs ranges from 35 C to as much as 98 C. These hot springs have been grouped together and termed as different geothermal provinces based on their occurrence in specific geotec- tonic regions, geological and strutural regions such as occurrence in orogenic belt regions, structural grabens, deep fault zones, active volcanic regions etc., Different orogenic regions are – Himalayan geothermal province, Naga-Lushai geothermal province, Andaman-Nicobar Islands geothermal province and non-orogenic regions are – Cambay graben, Son-Narma- da-Tapi graben, west coast, Damodar valley, Mahanadi valley, Godavari valley etc.

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