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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal Indonesia Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe 1197 Annual output GWh 9600 Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt Annual output TJ Annual capacity factor Having become a net oil importer early in the 21st century, Indonesia took the view that it was essential to harness the enormous geothermal resource at its disposal. The Govern- ment’s National Energy Management Blueprint 2005–2025, contained a target of 9 500 MWe geothermal capacity by 2025. The national geothermal potential has been estimated at 27.67 GWe but at the present time only a tiny fraction of this has been realised. The island of Suma- tra has in the region of 50% of geothermal potential. In recent years the Indonesian Government has passed a raft of laws and regulations in order to better regulate both the upstream and downstream side of the sector and to better utilise its geothermal power. Additionally, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, at the request of the Government, was engaged to formulate a Master Plan Study for Geothermal Power Development. A period of 18 months in 2006/2007 was used to assess the fields and formulate a development plan. By end-2008, a total of 1 054 MWe geothermal capacity was installed, of which some 95% was based on the island of Jawa-Bali. The remaining 5% was located on Sumatera and Sulawesi. Of the total, Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE), a subsidiary of Pertamina, the state-owned oil and gas company, operates 252 MWe, Chevron, 632 MWe and other compa- nies, 170 MWe. Electricity production in 2008 amounted to 8.2 GWh. A planned programme of construction will gradually increase capacity so that by 2025 about 50% of national electricity demand will be satisfied by geothermal power. It was announced during the World Geothermal Congress 2010 that Indonesia plans to launch a 3 997 MWe project to expand geothermal power. A very small amount of geothermal energy is used directly for bathing, balneology and swim- ming and in the production of mushrooms, tea, silk and coconut sugar drying. The paper by Darma et al. focuses, as in the past on the development of electricity gener- ation by geothermal energy, however five years ago a group of researchers in government sponsored research and technology agency (BPPT) began to investigate methods to apply geothermal energy to the agriculture sector, particularly to sterilize the growing medium used in mushroom cultivation. The process is still at the research stage not having yet become commercial. Other uses of geothermal fluids include palm sugar processing, copra drying, tea drying and pasteurization and some fish farming. These activities are spread over about six areas totaling about 200 – 300 tonnes/hr of fluid. No heat pump installations are used to date as they appear to be uneconomical at this time due to the availability and abundance of high enthalpy fluids. 9.39PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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