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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal Much work has been undertaken on the thermal waters in Vilkaviskis, a city in the south- western part of the country, with a view to developing balneological uses and also a district heating scheme. To date, Lithuania’s extensive low-temperature resource has been harnessed for an esti- mated 1 000 ground-source heat pumps, with an installed capacity of 17 MWt. Mexico Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe 867 Annual output GWh 6 502 Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 156 Annual output TJ 4 023 Annual capacity factor Reflecting the country’s location in a tectonically active region, geothermal manifestations are particularly prevalent in the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB), as well as in the states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. Development has, in the main, been concentrated on elec- tric power production, although there is a small amount of geothermal power used for direct purposes. Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) has developed some direct uses of geothermal resources at the Los Azufres geothermal field, including a wood-dryer, a fruit and vegetables dehydrator, a greenhouse and a system for heating of its offices and facilities in this field. The use of geothermal heat pumps is minimal, and underdeveloped with no information available. District and individual space heating is little used in Mexico due to the mild tem- peratures throughout the year in most of the country. eothermal heat is obviating the need to use 3 million m3 of natural gas. A second borehole was started in late-2008 in preparation for a doubling in the size of the greenhouses. It is expected that this application will encourage further use by horticulturists. TNO, a Dutch research institute under contract to the Ministry of Economic Affairs, is cur- rently mapping the deep heat resource in order to reassess the potential of the Netherlands. Analysis of deeper formations may demonstrate the feasibility of the resource for electricity generation. Originally the object of drilling energy wells in the country was to store solar energy for space heating in winter. Later, this application broadened to the storage of thermal energy (both heat and cold) from other sources and to include geothermal heat pumps. The R&D of the early applications in the 1980s was focused on large scale applications such as commercial buildings rather than residential houses. Almost all of these early projects used ground water wells to store and extract thermal energy. In the late 1990s, borehole heat exchangers began to pay a more important role with geothermal heat pumps. At present, most of the geothermal heat pumps projects are using vertical borehole heat exchangers, with over 10,000 of these in operation. Most are small scale applications such as for single family houses or small office and commercial buildings. Systems in family 9.45PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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