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9.46 Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe Annual output GWh Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt Annual output TJ Annual capacity factor World Energy Resources: Geothermal World Energy Council 2013 homes are designed for the heating load, whereas in commercial/office building the design is for both heating and cooling. Most projects use aquifer storage for both heating and cool- ing, with heat pump capacities in the 50 to 100 kWt range, and using ground water flow rates at less than 10 m3/hr (as no permits are need up to this rate). In Amsterdam about 1,200 large systems are installed with heat pump capacities around 1,000 kWt in some cases extracting over 250 m3/hr from a single well. Direct groundwater cooling is also practiced with the larger projects. Exploitation of geothermal power in the Momotombo area, located at the foot of the volcano of the same name, began when the first 35 MWe single-flash unit was commissioned in 1983. A second 35 MWe unit was added in 1989. Thirteen years later following refurbishment by Ormat, the implementation of a new reservoir management plan and the installation of a 7.5 MWe binary energy converter, the total nominal generation capacity stood at 77.5 MWe. (at end-2008 effective capacity was 28.5 MWe) Nicaragua’s net geothermal electricity output has been on a rising trend since 1999 and in 2008 totalled 289.8 GWh, just under 10% of total net generation. Two of the ten identified areas of geothermal potential are currently being explored. GeoN- ico, a joint venture between the Italian company Enel and LaGeo of El Salvador, is exploring areas located in El Hoyo-Monte Galáan and Managua-Chiltepe. Nicaragua will include 36 MW of geothermal energy to the national grid later this month. The 36 megawatts are part of the 72 megawatt geothermal energy field generated by the San Jacinto-Tizate, located in the municipality of Telica, province of León and the Pacific volcanic chain of Nicaragua. Those 36 megawatts of renewable energy that will come in the next few days to the national grid will mean a decrease in fuel consumption. In the second phase of the San Jacinto-Tizate geothermal energy project, to be concluded in late 2012 or early 2013, will generate another 36 megawatts, for a total of 72 new megawatts, bringing the energy savings will be up to 80 million dollars annually. Papua New Guinea Positioned as it is in the same tectonic region as Indonesia and the Philippines, exploration has been undertaken to establish the geothermal potential of Papua New Guinea. Since 2002 activity has focused on the island of Lihir, off the northeast coast. In June 2002 a 6 MWe back-pressure unit was approved by Lihir Gold Ltd (LGL), the owner of the island’s gold mine, one of the largest in the world. Commissioning of the plant came just 10 months later and provided the mine with 10% of its power needs.PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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