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9.48 Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe Annual output GWh Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 281 Annual output TJ 1501 Annual capacity factor World Energy Resources: Geothermal World Energy Council 2013 The main resorts using geothermal heat are at Laguna and Agco. The various applications are: u 1.63 MWt and 26.93 TJ/yr for agricultural draying (the majority at the Palinpinon plant); u 1.67 MWt and 12.65 TJ/yr for bathing and swimming; Poland Poland has substantial resources of geothermal energy, but not at high temperatures. The available resource ranges from reservoir temperatures of 30oC to 130oC at depths of 1 to 4 km. Although thermal water has been used for balneological purposes for many centuries, devel- opment of geothermal power for heating has only taken place during the past 15 years or so. Both the Strategy of Renewable Energy Resources Development which came into effect in 2000 and Polish membership of the European Union in 2004 have helped to encourage the growth of renewable energy use in general, but greater promotion of geothermal energy is needed. Since 1992 seven geothermal heating plants have been brought on line: three in the Podhale region (Zakopane, Bukowina Tatrzańska and Bańska Niżna), in Stargard Szczeciński and Pyrzyce (both in the northwest) and in Mszczonów and Uniejow (both in central Poland). The plants are utilised for different purposes according to specific characteristics of the water at each location: some are used with gas peaking – the integrated units have a large contribu- tion from gas, others have integrated absorption heat pumps with gas boilers. Geothermal water is also used at eight balneological installations. It is estimated that there are about 10 000 compression heat pumps – mostly ground source – within the country with an installed capacity of at least 100 MW. At the present time it is not foreseen that geothermal heat will be utilised for traditional electricity generation. However, there is an interest in studying binary plants which would be based on 90+oC water. Poland is characterized by low-enthalpy geothermal resources found mostly in the Mesozoic sedimentary formations. For many centuries warm springs have been used for balneother- apy in several spas. At present five geothermal heating plants are in operation, the largest in the Podhale region in southern Poland with an installed capcity of 41 MW and producing 267 TJ/yr (peak). Seven new bathing centers opened in the past five years. Other types of geothermal use include greenhouse heating, wood drying, fish farming (these three are at the Podhale Geothermal Laboratory as R&D projects), and salt extraction from geothermal water.PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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