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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal The main geothermal resources in the country are found in porous and permeable sand- stones and siltstones (such as in the western plains), or in the fractured carbonate formations (such as at Oradea and Bors in the western part of the country). The total capacity of the existing wells is about 480 MWt; however, only about 148 MWt from 80 wells are currently used. 35 of these wells are used for balneology and producing water at temperatures from 40 to 115oC. During the last five years seven geothermal wells have been drilled in the country with National financing, with some to depths of 1,500 to 3,000 m producing up to 90oC water. There are two main companies in Romania currently exploiting geothermal resources: Trans- gex S.A. and Foradex S.A., have been given long term concession for practically all known geothermal reservoirs. Transgex, the most active company, is looking at developing district heating projects in a number of communities. The University of Oradea has established a Geothermal Research Center which provides geothermal training and research. The current direct utilization in the country includes: u 13.28 MWt and 164.83 TJ/yr for individual space heating; u 58.95 MWt and 531.72 TJ/yr for district heating; u 4.18 MWt and 20.78 TJ/yr for greenhouses (8 locations); u 4.50 MWt and 9.70 TJ/yr for fish farming (one location); u 1.40 MWt and 12.70 TJ/yr for agricultural drying; u 0.75 MWt and 6.84 TJ/yr for industrial process heat (4 locations); u 64.68 MWt and 489.16 TJ/yr for bathing and swimming; u and an estimated 5.5 MWt and 29.70 TJ/yr for geothermal heat pumps. Russian Federation Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe 82 Annual output GWh 441 Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 308 Annual output TJ 6 144 Annual capacity factor The Russian Federation has a significant geothermal resource, with thermal waters of 50–200oC having been identified in numerous areas from Kaliningrad in the west to the Rus- sian Far East. In the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands the thermal water reaches 300oC. It has been estimated that the high-temperature resources defined to date in the Pen- insula could ultimately support generation of 2 000 MWe. and 3 000 MWt of heat for district heating. Exploration has shown that the discovered geothermal resource of Kamchatka could provide the peninsula’s total demand for both heat and electricity for in excess of 100 years. The country’s energy sector has long been based on fossil fuels and the exploitation of hydroelectric and nuclear power. The contribution from geothermal energy represents a very small percentage. Considering the Federation’s vast area and also the logistics of fuel trans- portation, the use of geothermal heat for power generation could be particularly important in the northern and eastern regions. However, the main thrust of Russian geothermal utilisation has been, and continues to be, for direct purposes. 9.51PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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