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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal is at thermal spas for balneology and recreation. However, the 97 MWt installed capacity is used for bathing and swimming, space heating, greenhouses, fish and other animal farming, industrial process heat and agricultural drying. In addition, about 22 MWt of thermal water heat pumps are in use. The most common use of geothermal energy in the country is for balneology and recreation. Archeological evidence indicates similar uses by the Romans in the locations of the present spas such as Vranjuska, Niska, Vrnjacka and Gamzigradska. Today there are 59 thermal water spas in the country used for balneology, sports and recre- ation and as tourist centers. Thermal waters are also bottled by nine mineral water bottling companies. Space heating and electric power generation from geothermal energy is in the exploration stages. There are presently 25 wells in use within the Pannonian Basin, and with uses for heating greenhouses (4 wells), heating pig farms (3 wells), industrial process such as in leather and textile factories (2 wells), space heating (3 wells) and 13 wells for various uses in spas and for sport and recreation facilities. Outside the basin, geothermal water is used for space heating, greenhouse heating (raising flowers), a poultry farm, a textile work- shop, a spa rehabilitation center and a hotel. Three other spas and rehabilitation centers also use geothermal heat, including heat pumps of 6 MWt, which uses water at 25oC, and in the carpet industry. The various applications include: u 20.9 MWt and 356 TJ/yr for space eating; u 18.5 MWt and 128 TJ/yr for greenhouse heating; u 6.4 MWt and 128 TJ/yr for fish and animal farming; u 0.7 MWt and 10 TJ/yr for agricultural drying; u 4.6 MWt and 58 TJ/yr for industrial process heating; u 39.8 MWt and 647 TJ/yr for bathing and swimming; u 9.9 MWt and 83 TJ/yr for geothermal heat pumps. Slovakia Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe Annual output GWh Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 132 Annual output TJ 3 067 Annual capacity factor Slovakia’s geothermal resources, first explored during the 1970s, have been located in areas covering 27% of the territory. The country has thermal waters ranging from low tempera- ture (20–100oC) to medium temperature (100–150oC) to high temperature (>150oC). At the present time, utilisation is only for direct purposes: bathing and swimming, district heating, greenhouse heating and fish farming. Several projects are under development: a greenhouse heating scheme in Podhajska; a district heating scheme in Galanta and a space heating project in Slovakia’s second city, Košice. The Košice scheme is in the final stage of preparation, having obtained the neces- sary permits and awaits the go-ahead prior to implementation. 9.53PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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