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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal Uganda’s power sector relies heavily on indigenous hydroelectricity. The country is particu- larly well-endowed with a hydro resource but large losses due to long transmission lines, together with the possible effects of climate change on the supply of water, has ensured that the Government recognises the importance of diversification. Research has established that three areas in particular, lying in the west of the country near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, have considerable geothermal potential. Assessments have shown that the three prospects, Katwe-Kikorongo, Buranga and Kibiro have an estimated potential of 450 MW and if the temperatures of 140–200oC, 120–150oC and 200–220oC respectively are confirmed, then production or electricity and direct use in industry and agriculture could follow. Further investigative work is to be undertaken on these known prospects and in other areas of the country. The area, which was formerly mined for lead and fluorspar, is known to possess a source of geothermally-heated water (46oC at a depth of 1 000 m). The Weardale Task Force’s Master Plan for the eco-friendly village envisages that the heat will be utilised for a public hot-springs spa and fish-breeding ponds. Additionally, the development will include envi- ronmentally-friendly commercial and residential property and a range of tourist and leisure activities based on the use of biomass (for a district heating scheme), wind, solar and hydro technologies. The famous hot springs at Bath have long been a tourist attraction among the Roman architec- ture of the ancient city. Now the baths, together with four adjacent buildings, have undergone a major refurbishment, and have been reopened in 2008 and are now fully operational. The ongoing increase in geothermal heat pumps is estimated to be in the range of 3,000 to 5,000 installations per year. A few of these installations are large scale open loop systems (~500 kW to 2 MWt), the majority are closed loop systems in the range of 3.5 kW heating only, with approximately 750 units at commercial/institutional sites and 4,500 units at res- idential sites with full load operating hours per years of 1,500 and 1,800 respectively. The main driver for the geothermal heat pumps activity in UK has been the understanding that if connected to the UK grid they can offer significant reductions in overall carbon emissions compared to traditional methods of heat delivery. United States of America Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe 3102 Annual output GWh 15 009 Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 12 612 Annual output TJ 56 551 Annual capacity factor The USA possesses a huge geothermal resource, located largely in the western half of the country. Research has shown that geothermal energy has been used in North America for many thousands of years but the first documented commercial use was in 1830 in Arkansas. In 1922 an experimental plant began generating electricity in California but, proving to be uneconomic, it soon fell into disuse. Another 38 years were to pass before the first large- scale power plant began operations at The Geysers, north of San Francisco, California. The USA is the world’s largest producer of electricity generated from geothermal energy. 9.59PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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