World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal

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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal ( world-energy-council-2013-world-energy-resources-geothermal )

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9.60 Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe Annual output GWh Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 187 Annual output TJ 850 Annual capacity factor World Energy Resources: Geothermal World Energy Council 2013 Nine States use their geothermal resource for electricity. California accounts for the majority share at 83%. Nevada follows with 14% and at the other end of the spectrum, New Mexico, Oregon and Wyoming each have less than 0.01%. The DOE states that an additional capacity totaling 80 MWe is under construction and a further 234 MWe is planned. Geothermal systems, with a potential capacity of 9 057 MWe have been identified in 13 western States, approximately 5 800 MWe more than that currently operating. Based on Geographic Information Systems statistical models, the mean estimated undiscovered resources in the 13 States is more than 30 GWe. The DOE’s Geothermal Technologies Program is focused on Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) technology, with activities ranging from site selection for future development to site characterisation, reservoir creation and validation, interwell connectivity, reservoir scale-up and reservoir sustainability. On the assumption that this technology is successfully imple- mented, models yield an estimated mean electric power resource on private and accessible public land of 517 800 MWe in the 13 States. Development of an EGS R&D demonstration project at Desert Peak, Nevada is under way. Most of the direct use applications have remained fairly constant over the past five years; however, geothermal heat pumps have increased significantly. A total of 20 new projects have come on-line in the past five years and a number of projects have closed. Agricultural drying has decreased the most due to the closing of the onion/garlic dehydration plant at Empire, Nevada. Two district heating projects have also shut down; the Litchfield Correctional Facility in California and the New Mexico State University system. There has been a slight increase in snow melting, cooling and fish farming, with a major increase in industrial process heating due to two biodiesel plants (Oregon and Nevada), a brewery (Oregon), and a laundry (California) coming on line. Annual figures 1.16 % of the country’s total electricity production output. United Kingdom There is no recorded high-temperature resource in the UK and although the country pos- sesses a low- and medium-enthalpy resource it is, unlike some of its European neighbours, very under-utilised. Historically there has been no direct Government support for geothermal energy and the only application of low-enthalpy geothermal energy is the scheme, launched in 1986 in the city of Southampton. The scheme now supplies more than 40 GWh/yr of heat, 26 GWh of electricity from the combined heat and power plant and over 7 GWh of chilled water for air conditioning.

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