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World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources: Geothermal The Government has announced that it will provide GBP 6 million for exploration of the potential for deep geothermal power in the UK. Past research has shown the southwest region of England to be an area particularly rich in this resource. The area, which was formerly mined for lead and fluorspar, is known to possess a source of geothermally-heated water (46oC at a depth of 1 000 m). The Weardale Task Force’s Master Plan for the eco-friendly village envisages that the heat will be utilised for a public hot-springs The famous hot springs at Bath have long been a tourist attraction among the Roman architec- ture of the ancient city. Now the baths, together with four adjacent buildings, have undergone a major refurbishment, and have been reopened in 2008 and are now fully operational. The ongoing increase in geothermal heat pumps is estimated to be in the range of 3,000 to 5,000 installations per year. A few of these installations are large scale open loop systems (~500 kW to 2 MWt), the majority are closed loop systems in the range of 3.5 kW heating only, with approximately 750 units at commercial/institutional sites and 4,500 units at res- idential sites with full load operating hours per years of 1,500 and 1,800 respectively. The main driver for the geothermal heat pumps activity in UK has been the understanding that if connected to the UK grid they can offer significant reductions in overall carbon emissions compared to traditional methods of heat delivery. United States of America Electricity generation Installed capacity MWe 3102 Annual output GWh 15 009 Annual capacity factor Direct use Installed capacity, MWt 12 612 Annual output TJ 56 551 Annual capacity factor The USA possesses a huge geothermal resource, located largely in the western half of the country. Research has shown that geothermal energy has been used in North America for many thousands of years but the first documented commercial use was in 1830 in Arkansas. In 1922 an experimental plant began generating electricity in California but, proving to be uneconomic, it soon fell into disuse. Another 38 years were to pass before the first large- scale power plant began operations at The Geysers, north of San Francisco, California. The USA is the world’s largest producer of electricity generated from geothermal energy. Nine States use their geothermal resource for electricity. California accounts for the majority share at 83%. Nevada follows with 14% and at the other end of the spectrum, New Mexico, Oregon and Wyoming each have less than 0.01%. The DOE states that an additional capacity totaling 80 MWe is under construction and a further 234 MWe is planned. Geothermal systems, with a potential capacity of 9 057 MWe have been identified in 13 western States, approximately 5 800 MWe more than that currently operating. Based on Geographic Information Systems statistical models, the mean estimated undiscovered resources in the 13 States is more than 30 GWe. The DOE’s Geothermal Technologies Program is focused on Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) technology, with activities ranging from site selection for future development to site 9.61PDF Image | World Energy Council 2013 World Energy Resources Geothermal
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