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US 2013/0098037A1 Apr.25,2013 ADVANCED SUPER-CRITICAL CO2 EXPANDER-GENERATOR [0001] ThepresentapplicationclaimsprioritytoUS. application No. 61/549,434 ?led Oct. 20, 2011. The priority applicationisherebyincorporatedbyreferenceinitsentirety intothepresentapplication. BACKGROUND anintermediateexpansionstageoftheexpansiondeviceand con?gured toextractWorking ?uidtherefrom. The rotating machinemay furtherincludea?rst?uidline?uidlycoupling the extraction line to the housing and being con?gured to introduce a ?rst portion of extracted Working ?uid into the housing to cool the generator and the radial bearings, and a second ?uid line ?uidly coupling the extraction line to the chamber and being con?gured to introduce a second portion of extracted Working ?uid into the chamber to minimize [0002] Heatenginesareusedtoconvertheatorthermal unequalaxialthrustloads. energyintousefulmechanicalWorkandareoftenusedin poWer generation plants. One example ofa heat engine isan expander-generator system Which generally includes an expander(e.g.,aturbine)rotatablycoupledtoageneratoror disposedWithinahermetically-sealedhousing,theexpansion other poWer converting device. As Working ?uids are devicebeingcon?guredtorotateanexpanderrotorhavinga expanded in the expander, the shaft connecting the turbine holloW shaft de?ning a chamber therein, and driving a gen andgeneratorrotatesandgenerateselectricityinthegenera eratorrotorWiththeexpanderrotor,thegeneratorrotorbeing tor. supportedbyoneormoreradialbearingsandatleastpartially [0003] MostpoWerplantexpander-generatorsarebasedon supportingageneratordisposedWithinthehousingandaxi the Rankine cycle and obtain high temperature/pressure Working ?uids through the combustion of coal, natural gas, oil,and/ornuclear?ssion.TypicalWorking?uidsforRankine cycles include Water (steam) and organic ?uids. Recently, hoWever, due toperceivedbene?ts interms ofhardWare com pactness, e?iciency, heat transfer characteristics, etc., there has been considerable interest in using super-critical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as a Working ?uid for certain heat engine applications.Notableamongsuchapplicationsarenuclear, [0008] Embodimentsofthedisclosuremayfurtherprovide solar,andWasteheatenergyconversioncycles. [0004] ManyWasteheatrecoveryschemesutiliZingScCO2 as the Working ?uid have relatively high process tempera tures/pressures. For example, in some applications the tem peratures can approach or exceed 600° C. and the operating pressures can range from betWeen 1000 and 3000 psia. Elevated operating pressures can potentially impose large axialthrustsonequipmentrotors,Whichmay damageaccom panying bearing systems ifnot properly managed. Axial thrusts are conventionally controlled using several methods, including:usingabalancepistonatthehighpressuresection, varyingtherotordiameterineachsection,and/orvaryingthe number ofexpansion stagesthatmake up each section.These methods, hoWever, sacri?ce valuable rotor axial length and otherWiseincreasetheoverallWeightofthemachine,thereby negativelyaffectingtheef?ciencyofthemachine. [0005] Whatisneeded,therefore,isacompactexpander generator that effectively cools the rotating equipment and simultaneously counteracts axial thrusts Without sacri?cing rotorlengthorunnecessarilyaddingtotheoverallWeightof ings,andasecond?uidline?uidlycoupledtotheextraction themachine. lineandcon?guredtointroduceasecondportionofextracted Working ?uid into the chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS SUMMARY [0006] Embodimentsofthedisclosuremayprovidearotat ingmachine.Therotatingmachinemayincludeahermeti cally-sealed housing having an expander rotor and a genera torrotorrotatablyarrangedtherein,thegeneratorrotorbeing supported by one or more radial bearings and the expander rotor being a tubular shaft overhung off one end of the gen eratorrotorand de?ning a chamber therein. The rotating machine may also include an expansion device disposed Withinthehousingandbeingcon?guredtoexpandaWorking [0010] FIG.1illustratesanisometricvieWofanexemplary ?uid to rotate the expander rotor and thereby drive the gen rotating machine, such as an expander-generator, according eratorrotor,ageneratordisposedWithinthehousing,axially to one or more embodiments disclosed. spacedfromtheexpansiondeviceandpartiallysupportedby [0011] FIG.2illustratesapartial,cross-sectionalvieWof the generator rotor, and an extraction line ?uidly coupled to the expander-generator of FIG. 1. [0007] Embodimentsofthedisclosuremayfurtherprovide a method for operating a rotating machine. The method may include expanding a Working ?uid in an expansion device ally-spacedfromtheexpansiondevice.Themethodmay also includeextractingWorking?uidfromanintermediateexpan sion stage arranged Within the expansion. The method may furtherincludeintroducinga?rstportionofextractedWork ing?uidintothehousingtocoolthegeneratorandtheradial bearings,andintroducingasecondportionofextractedWork ing ?uid into the chamber to minimize unequal axial thrust loads. anotherrotatingmachine.Therotatingmachinemay include anexpandercasingcoupledtoageneratorcasingtoforma hermetically-sealedhousing,theexpandercasinghavingan expansiondevicedisposedthereinandthegeneratorcasing having a generator disposed therein, and a holloW expander rotor arranged for rotation Within the expander casing and de?ning a chamber Within the expander rotor. The rotating machine may also include a generator rotor arranged for rotationWithinthegeneratorcasingandbeingsupportedby oneormoreradialbearings,thegeneratorrotorbeingcoupled to the expander rotor With a coupling disposed at least par tially Within the chamber such that the expander rotor drives the generator rotor, and an extraction line ?uidly coupled to anintermediateexpansionstageoftheexpansiondeviceand con?gured to extract Working ?uid therefrom. The rotating machinemay furtherincludea?rst?uidline?uidlycoupled to the extraction line and con?gured to introduce a ?rst por tion of extracted Working ?uid into the generator casing to regulate a temperature of the generator and the radial bear [0009] Thepresentdisclosureisbestunderstoodfromthe folloWing detailed description When read With the accompa nyingFigures.ItisemphasiZedthat,inaccordanceWiththe standard practice in the industry, various features are not draWn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features maybearbitrarilyincreasedorreducedforclarityofdiscus sion.PDF Image | ADVANCED SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXPANDER GENERATOR
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