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US 2013/0098037A1 Apr.25,2013 [0012] FIG.3illustratesamagni?ed,cross-sectionalvieW of a portion of the expander generator of FIG. 1. [0013] FIG.4illustratesa?owchartofamethodforoper ating a rotating machine, according to one or more embodi ments disclosed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0014] ItistobeunderstoodthatthefolloWingdisclosure describes several exemplary embodiments for implementing different features, structures, or functions of the invention. Exemplary embodiments of components, arrangements, and con?gurations are described beloW to simplify the present disclosure; hoWever, these exemplary embodiments are pro vided merely as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Additionally, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various exemplary embodiments and across the Figures provided herein. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarityanddoesnotinitselfdictatearelationshipbetWeenthe various exemplary embodiments and/or con?gurations dis cussed in the various Figures. Moreover, the formation of a ?rst feature over or on a second feature in the description that folloWs may include embodiments in Which the ?rst and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in Which additional features may be formedinterposingthe?rstandsecondfeatures,suchthatthe ?rstandsecondfeaturesmay notbeindirectcontact.Finally, the exemplary embodiments presented beloW may be com bined inany combination ofWays, i.e.,any element from one exemplaryembodimentmay beusedinanyotherexemplary embodiment,Withoutdepartingfromthescopeofthedisclo sure. [0015] Additionally,certaintermsareusedthroughoutthe folloWing description and claims to refer to particular com ponents. As one skilled in the art Will appreciate, various entitiesmay refertothe same component by differentnames, and as such, the naming convention for the elements described herein is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, unless otherWise speci?cally de?ned herein. Fur ther, the naming convention used herein is not intended to distinguish betWeen components that differ in name but not function.Additionally,inthefolloWingdiscussionandinthe claims,theterms“including”and“comprising”areusedinan open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to.” All numerical values in this disclosure may be exact or approximate values unless other Wise speci?cally stated. Accordingly, various embodiments ofthedisclosuremay deviatefromthenumbers,values,and ranges disclosed herein Without departing from the intended scope.Furthermore,asitisusedintheclaimsorspeci?cation, the term “or” is intended to encompass both exclusive and inclusive cases, i.e., “A or B” is intended to be synonymous With“atleastoneofA andB,”unlessotherWiseexpressly speci?edherein. [0016] FIG.1illustratesanexemplaryrotatingmachine 100, according to one or more embodiments ofthe disclosure. The rotating machine 100 includes an expansion device 102 close-coupled to a generator 104. In other embodiments, the generator 104 may be replaced With other driven devices, such as, but not limited to, pumps, mills, compressors, or other devices/systems con?gured to receive rotating shaft horsepoWer to do Work. The expansion device 102 and gen erator104may eachbehermetically-sealedWithinahousing 106. In one embodiment, the housing 106 may include an expandercasing10611forenclosingtheexpansiondevice102 andageneratorcasing106!)forenclosingthegenerator104. The housing 106 may be split such that the expander casing 106a may be mechanically-attached to the generator casing 106!) using, for example, a series of threaded bolts 103. In other embodiments, the housing 106 may be a common, integralhousingthatde?nesboththeexpandercasing106a andthegeneratorcasing106!)forhermetically-sealingboth the expansion device 102 and the generator 104 therein, respectively. [0017] Asillustrated,theexpansiondevice102isarranged inanoverhungpositionWithrespecttothegenerator104,but itWillbeappreciatedthattheexpansiondevice102may also be placed inboard of any accompanying bearings (center hung)Withoutdepartingfromthescopeofthedisclosure.The expansion device 102 may be an axial-?oW expander or tur bine.Inotherembodiments,theexpansiondevice102may be a radial-?oW expander or turbine. [0018] Theexpansiondevice102includesaninlet108that receives a Working ?uid to be expanded. The term “Working ?uid”isnotintendedtolimitthestateorphaseoftheWorking ?uid.Rather,theWorking?uidmay beinaliquidphase,agas phase, a super-critical phase, a sub-critical state, combina tions thereof, or any other phase or state. In one embodiment, the Working ?uid may be Water (e.g., steam) or air. In other embodiments, the Working ?uid may be carbon dioxide (CO2), such as super-critical carbon dioxide (ScCOZ). Car bon dioxide is a greenhouse-friendly and neutral Working ?uidthatoffersbene?tssuchasnon-toxicity,non-?ammabil ity,easyavailability,loWprice,andnoneedofrecycling.The term “carbon dioxide” isnot intended to be limited to a C02 ofanyparticulartype,purity,orgrade.Forexample,inatleast one embodiment industrial-grade CO2 may be used. [0019] Inotherembodiments,theWorking?uidmaybea binary, ternary, or other combination Working ?uid blend. TheWorking?uidcombinationcanbeselectedfortheunique attributes possessed by the ?uid combination Within heat recovery systems. For instance, one such ?uid combination includes a liquid absorbent and CO2. In another embodiment, the Working ?uid may be a combination of CO2 and one or more other miscible ?uids or chemical compounds. In yet other embodiments, the Working ?uid may be a combination ofCO2 andpropane,orCO2 andammonia,Withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. [0020] AftertheWorking?uidisexpandedintheexpansion device102,anexpandedWorking?uidisdischargedfromthe expansiondevice102viaanoutlet110.ExpandingtheWork ing ?uid causes the internal components (not shoWn) of the generator 104 into rotational movement, thereby producing poWerthatmay bedischargedfromthegeneratorvialine112 and directed to a receiving station 114. The receiving station 114may include,butisnotlimitedto,atransformer,abusbar, oneormorevariablefrequencydrives,anAC-DC converter, a machine to be poWered (e.g., a motor), combinations of the same, or the like. [0021] A portionoftheWorking?uidmaybeextracted fromanintermediateexpansionstageoftheexpansiondevice 102viaanextractionline116.Theextractionline116may be subsequently split into a ?rst ?uid line 118 and a second ?uid line 120 Whereby the extracted Working ?uid serves a dual purpose.A ?rstportion11511oftheextractedWorking?uidin the?rst?uidline118may becooledinaheatexchanger122 and subsequently fed into the generator casing 106!) to cool thegenerator104anditsaccompanyingcomponentstherein.PDF Image | ADVANCED SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXPANDER GENERATOR
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