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US 2013/0098037A1 Apr.25,2013 A secondportion115!)oftheextractedWorking?uidinthe second?uidline120may bere-injectedbackintotheexpan sion device 120 to equalize axial thrusts generated by the expansion device 102. The dual purpose of the extracted Working ?uid Will be described in greater detail in FIGS. 2 and 3 beloW. [0022] Referring noW to FIGS. 2 and 3, illustrated is a partial cross-sectional vieW (FIG. 2) and a magni?ed, cross sectional vieW (FIG. 3) of the rotating machine 100, accord ing to one or more embodiments described. The housing 106 includes a non-drive end 204 and a drive end 206, and a shaft 202thatextendssubstantiallybetWeenthetWoends204,206. In one embodiment, the shaft 202 may be an integral, single piece rotor. In other embodiments, hoWever, the shaft 202 may be split and include a generator rotor 208 coupled to an expanderrotor210. torque from the expansion device 102 to the generator 104. The coupling 212 may be atleastpartiallyreceivedWithinthe chamber 211, as depicted. The coupling 212 may include a mechanicalattachmentdevice,suchasspigot?t(radialstep) for concentricity and an axial stud/nut 213 arrangement to preload the axial faces and thereby provide torque transmis sionthroughfriction.Inotherembodiments,thecoupling212 may beanyothertypeofcouplingknoWn intheart,?exibleor rigid,andsuitableforremovablyattachingtheexpanderrotor 210 to the generator rotor 208. For example, other coupling systems 212 could be used such as a curvic or hirth-toothed interfaceWithone ormore axialbolts.Inotherembodiments, the expander rotor 210 may also be attached through a hydraulic shrink ?t With suitable end treatment. [0027] Theexpansiondevice102,asshoWninFIG.3, includesthreeaxially-adjacentexpansionstages219,shoWn [0023] Inoneormoreembodiments,thegeneratorrotor as?rst219a,second219b,andthird219cexpansionstages.It 208may beasolidshaftsupportedateachendbyoneormore radial bearings 214 (tWo sets of radial bearings 214 are shoWn).Theradialbearings214maybedirectlyorindirectly supported by the generator casing 106b, and in turn provide support to the generator rotor 208 Which carries components for the generator 104. In one embodiment, the bearings 214 may bemagneticbearings,suchasactiveorpassivemagnetic bearings. In other embodiments, hoWever, other types of radial bearings 214, such as gas bearings, may be used With out departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, at leastoneaxialthrustbearing216may beprovidedatornear the end of the generator rotor 208 adjacent the non-drive end 204 ofthemachine 100. The axialthrustbearing 216 may be amagneticbearingcon?guredtobearatleastaportionofthe thendirectedtothesecondandthirdexpansionstages219b, axialthrustgeneratedbytheexpansiondevice102.ItWillbe appreciated,hoWever,thattheaxialthrustbearing216maybe arranged in other locations along the generator rotor 208, or omitted altogether, Without departing from the scope of the disclosure. [0024] Inoneormoreembodiments,theexpanderrotor210 may be a holloW or tubular shaft overhung offone end ofthe generator rotor 208. As shoWn in FIG. 3, the expander rotor 210 de?nes a chamber 211 therein, and a thrust balance seal 232may bearrangedatleastpartiallyWithinthechamber211 on an inner circumferential surface 234 thereof. In an embodiment, the thrust balance seal 232 may be a radial labyrinth seal, but in other embodiments the thrust balance seal 232 may be any other type of seal capable of sealing the inner circumferential surface 234 of the expander rotor 210. The thrust balance seal 232 may include a centrally-de?ned conduit 236. The conduit 236 may be ?uidly coupled to the second?uidline120forreceivingthesecondportion115!)of extracted Working ?uid, as Will be described in greater detail beloW. 2190, successively, and the foregoing process is repeated in each stage 219b,c. As the Working ?uid progresses through theexpansionstages219a-cfromlefttoright,morerotational force is imparted to the expander rotor 210 and the pressure andtemperatureoftheWorking?uidprogressivelydecreases. [0028] Asbrie?ydescribedabove,aportionoftheWorking ?uid may be extracted from an intermediate expansion stage 219 of the expansion device 102 and fed into the extraction line 116. As used herein, “intermediate expansion stage” refers to any expansion stage folloWing the initial or ?rst expansionstage.ExtractingtheWorking?uidfromaninter mediateexpansionstagemay takeadvantageofthedecrease inpressureandtemperaturethattheWorking?uidundergoes fromitsinitiallevelsasintroducedatthe?rstexpansionstage. [0029] Anextractionport218maybein?uidcommunica tionWithatleastoneoftheintermediateexpansionstages,for example, either the second or third expansion stages 219b,c. As illustrated,theextractionport218 is?uidlycoupledtothe second expansion stage 2191) and ?uidly communicates the extracted Working ?uid to the extraction line 116. In at least [0025] AsWillbeappreciatedbythoseskilledintheart, oneembodiment,theextractionport218maybe?uidly having the thrust balance seal 232 placed on the inner circum ferential surface 234 of the expander rotor 210 alloWs for a much shorterrotor210thatWouldotherWiseconsumevalu ableshaftrealestateWiththeaxiallengthofthethrustbalance seal 232. Moreover, since the expander rotor 210 is a substan tiallytubularshaft,therotor210may bemuch lighterthana solid shaft and therefore contribute to improved rotordynamic characteristics. [0026] Therotors208,210maybecoupledtogetheratan intermediate location on the shaft 202 With, for example, a coupling 212. The coupling 212 serves to maintain concen tricity betWeen the tWo rotors 208, 210 and transmit the coupled to the third and last expansion stage 2190 (i.e., near est the outlet 110) Where the Working ?uid is at or near the exhaust pressure. Extracting ?uid from the last expansion stage2190, Where thepressureandtemperature oftheWork ing ?uid is at its loWest, may limit or otherWise prevent parasiticWindagelossesexperiencedinthegeneratorcasing 106!) during cooling of the generator 104 and its associated components. [0030] Afterbeingsplitfromline116,the?rst?uidline 118 feedsthe?rstportion11511ofextractedWorking ?uidinto the heat exchanger 122 to produce a cooled and/or condi tioned Working ?uid. The heat exchanger 122 may be any Will be appreciated, hoWever, that any number of expansion stagesmay beemployedWithoutdepartingfromthescopeof the disclosure. Each expansion stage 219 includes a non rotating stator vane 220 folloWed axially by a rotating blade 222 mounted on the outer radial extent of a disk-shaped Wheel 223.TheWheel223,inturn,ismountedontheexpanderrotor 210 or otherWise forms an integral part thereof. In operation, theWorking?uidenterstheexpansiondevice102viatheinlet 108 and proceeds to the ?rst expansion stage 21911 Where the ?rst stator vane 220 directs the Working ?uid into the axially succeedingblade222.AstheWorking?uidcontactstheblade 222, the expander rotor 210 is caused to rotate. The partially expanded Working ?uid inthe ?rstexpansion stage 21911 isPDF Image | ADVANCED SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXPANDER GENERATOR
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