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US 2013/0098037A1 Apr.25,2013 device adapted to reduce the temperature of a ?uid such as, but not limited to, a direct contact heat exchanger, a trim cooler, a mechanical refrigeration unit, and/or any combina tion thereof. In at least one embodiment, the heat exchanger 122may alsoincludeaseparatordevice(notshoWn)con?g ured to remove any hydrates or contaminants from the Work ing?uid,suchthatacleananddrycoolinggasisdischarged. [0031] ThecooledWorking?uiddischargedfromtheheat exchanger122may thenbedirectedtothenon-driveend204 of the machine 100 to be injected into the generator casing 106b. Inotherembodiments, thecooledWorking ?uidmay be injected at other locations on the generator casing 106!) and serve the same purpose Without departing from the scope of thedisclosure.The cooledWorking ?uidmay coursethrough theinteriorofthegeneratorcasing106!)inthegeneraldirec tion indicated by the arroWs A. As the cooled Working ?uid progresses in directionA, itsimultaneously draWs heat aWay from the generator 104 and each bearing 214, 216, thereby coolingorotherWiseregulatingthetemperatureofsaidcom ponents. [0032] ThecooledWorking?uidiseventuallyexhausted from the generator casing 106!) through a radial seal 224 (shoWn in FIG. 3) and into an intermediate chamber 226 de?nedintheexpandercasing10611.Theradialseal224may be disposed about the shaft 202 (i.e., the generator rotor 208) andcon?guredtoisolatethegenerator104fromtheincoming Working ?uid in inlet 108. Accordingly, the radial seal 224 may maintainthegeneratorcasing106!)atthepressureofthe Working ?uid extracted at the extraction port 218. In one embodiment, the radial seal 224 may be a radial labyrinth seal. thrust balance seal 232 to not only prevent or otherWise coun teract axial thrust loads, but also to cool the expander rotor 210. [0036] ReferringagaintoFIG.3,athermalisolationcham ber 240 may be de?ned in the housing 106 betWeen the expansion device 102 and the generator 104. In one embodi ment, the chamber 240 may be mutually de?ned by both the expandercasing106aandthegeneratorcasing10619.Inother embodiments, hoWever, the chamber 240 may be de?ned by eithertheexpandercasing10611orthegeneratorcasing10619. The holloW space provided by the thermal isolation chamber 240 may be con?gured to thermally isolate the expander casing 10611 from the generator casing 106!) and simulta neously make the overall housing 106 structure lighter. [0037] ReferringnoWtoFIG.4,illustratedisa?oWchartof a method 400 for operating a rotating machine, such as the rotatingmachine 100 describedherein.The method 400 may include expanding a Working ?uid in an expansion device, as at 402. The expansion device may be disposed Within a her metically-sealed housing and con?gured to rotate an expander rotor. The expander rotor may include a holloW shaft de?ning a chamber therein, and a thrust balance seal arranged at least partially Within the chamber. The thrust balance seal may de?ne a conduit that ?uidly communicates With the chamber. The method 400 may also include driving a generator rotor With the expander rotor, as at 404. In one embodiment, thegeneratorrotormay be supportedby one or more radial bearings and at least partially support a generator disposed Within the housing. The generator may be axially spacedfromtheexpansiondevice. [0038] A portionoftheWorking?uidmaybeextracted from an intermediate expansion stage arranged Within the [0033] AsillustratedinFIG.3,theintermediatechamber expansiondevice,asat406.AnextractedWorking?uidmay 226 may be ?uidly connected to an exhaust duct 230 via a balance line 228. The exhaust duct 230 is de?ned in the expansiondevice102adjacenttheoutlet110.Viathebalance line228,theintermediatechamber226may bemaintainedat or near the exhaust pressure of the outlet 110. This serves tWo purposes; ?rst, itprovides a location Where the cooling and leakage?oWs can?oW tothatismaintainedataloWerpres sure; and second, it helps minimize any pressure-induced thrust issues around the expansion device 102. [0034] Thesecond?uidline120mayreceivethesecond portion 115!) of extracted Working ?uid from the extraction line 116. The second portion 115!) of Working ?uid may be used to counteract at least a portion of the axial thrust loads generated by the expansion device 102. As shoWn in FIG. 3, the second ?uid line 120 is ?uidly coupled to the thrust balance seal 232, thereby placing the chamber 211 in ?uid communication With the extraction port 218. Consequently, the expander rotor 210 is exposed to substantially the same pressuresasthegeneratorrotor208,WhichislikeWisein?uid communication With the extraction port 218 via the ?rst ?uid line 118. As a result, the thrust balance seal 232 may be con?gured to minimize any unequal axial thrust loads on the expander rotor 210 due to the overhung arrangement of the expansiondevice120. [0035] AsshoWninFIG.2,thesecond?uidline120may alsoincludeavalve236.Thevalve236may beusedtodivert the second portion 115!) of extracted Working ?uid through the heat exchanger 122 along With the ?rst portion 11511. A separate ?oW 237 of cooled Working ?uid may be subse quently separated from the ?rst ?uid line 118 via line 238 Whichmay be?uidlycoupledtothesecond?uidline120ata location doWnstream ofthe valve 236. Accordingly, a cooled Working ?uid may be injected into the chamber 211 via the bedirectedintoanextractionlinethatis?uidlycoupledtothe intermediate expansion stage. The method 400 may further include separating the extracted Working ?uid into ?rst and secondportionsofextractedWorking?uid,asat408.The?rst portionofextractedWorking?uidmay beintroducedintothe housing to cool the generator and the radial bearings, as at 410. The second portion of extracted Working ?uid may be introduced into the chamber via the conduit de?ned in the thrustbalanceseal,asat412.Inoperation,thesecondportion of extracted Working ?uid may be con?gured to minimiZe unequalaxialthrustloads,orotherWisegenerallyreduceaxial thrust loads on the expander rotor. [0039] The foregoing has outlined features of several embodiments sothatthoseskilledintheartmay betterunder stand the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciatethattheymay readilyusethepresentdisclosureas a basis for designing or modifying other processes and struc tures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realiZe that such equiva lent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions and alterations herein Without depart ingfromthespiritandscopeofthepresentdisclosure. Iclaim: 1.A rotatingmachine,comprising: a hermetically-sealed housing having an expander rotor and a generator rotor rotatably arranged therein, the generator rotor being supported by one or more radial bearings and the expander rotor being a tubular shaft overhungoffoneendofthegeneratorrotorandde?ning a chamber therein;PDF Image | ADVANCED SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXPANDER GENERATOR
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