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13 preventundesiredpressureriseduetogasi?edCO2 andpres sureriseon startup inadditiontoarecoverylineforconnect ingtheoutletsideofeachofthecoolers6andthebrinecooler 3. TheWorkingofExample1WillbeexplainedWithreference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. In the drawings, reference symbol T1 is a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of liquid CO2 intheliquidreservoir4,T2isatemperaturesensorfor detecting the temperature of CO2 at the inlet side of the freezer unit B, T3 is a temperature sensor for detecting the temperatureofCO2 attheoutletsideofthefreeZerunitB,T4 is a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the space in the freeZer unit B, P 1 is a pressure sensor for detect ing the pressure in the liquid reservoir 4, P2 is a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the coolers 6, P3 is a pressuresensorfordetectingthepressuredifferencebetWeen theoutletandinletoftheliquidpump 5,CL isacontrollerfor controllingtheinvertermotor51 fordrivingtheliquidpump 5 and the inverter motors 261 for driving the cooler fans 29. Referencenumeral20isaopen/closecontrolvalveofa20 bypass pipe 81 for supplying ammonia to the supercooler 8, 21 is a open/close control valve of the bypass passage 9 connectingtheoutletsideoftheliquidpump5andtheCO2 brinecooler3. TheExample1iscomposedsuchthatthecontrollerCLis25 providedfordeterminingthedegreeofsupercoolbycompar ing saturation temperature and detected temperature of the liquidCO2 basedonthesignalsfromthesensorTlandPland theamount ofammonia refrigerantintroducedtothebypass pipe8canbeadjusted.Bythis,thetemperatureofCO2inthe 30 liquidreservoir4canbecontrolledtobeloWerthansaturation temperature by l~5 degrees C. The supercooler 8 may be provided outside the liquid reservoir 4 independently not necessarilyinsidetheliquidreservoir4.Bythisconstruction, allorapartoftheliquidCO2intheliquidreservoir4canbe 35 supercooled by the supercooler 8 stably to a temperature of desireddegreeofsupercooling. The signal from the sensor P2 detecting the pressure in the coolers6capableofalloWingevaporationinaliquidorliquid/ gasmixedstate(imperfectlyevaporatedstate)isinputtedto40 thecontrollerCL Whichcontrolstheinvertermotors51to adjust the discharge of the liquid pump 5 (the adjustment includingsteplessadjustmentofdischargeandintermittent discharging),andstablesupplyofCO2 tothecoolers6canbe performedthroughcontrollingtheinverter51. 14 outletandinletofthepump hasdecreased,thecontrollerCL alloWs the open/close control valve 21 on the bypass passage 9toopen,andCO2 isbypassedtotheCO2 brinecooler3,as a result the gas of the gas/?uid mixed state of CO2 in a cavitating state can be lique?ed. The controlling can be done in the ammonia cycle in such a Way that, When the degree of supercool decreases When starting or refrigeration load varies and pressure difference betWeen the outlet and inlet of the pump 5 decreases and cavitating state occurs, the pressure sensor P3 detects that pressure difference betWeen the outlet and inlet of the liquid pump 5hasdecreased,thecontrollerCL controlsacontrol valve to unload the compressor 1 (displacement type com pressor)toalloWapparentsaturationtemperatureofCO2 to risetosecurethedegreeofsupercool. Next,anoperatingmethodofExample 1Willbeexplained WithreferencetoFIG. 5.First,thecompressor1intheammo niacyclesideisoperatedtocoolliquidCO2 inthebrinecooler 3andtheliquidreservoir4.Onstartup,theliquidpump5is operated intermittently/cyclicaly. Speci?cally, the liquid pump 5 is operated at 0%—>100%Q60%—>0%al00%Q60% rotation speed. Here, 100% rotationspeedmeans thatthepump isdrivenby theinvertermotorWiththefrequencyofpoWersourceitself, and0% meansthattheoperationofthepump ishalted.By operating in this Way, the pressure difference betWeen the outletandinletofthepump canbepreventedfrombecoming largerthanthedesignpressure. First,thepump isoperatedunder 100%, When thepressure differencebetWeentheoutletandinletofthepump reaches thevalueoffullloadoperation(fulloadpumphead),loWered to 60%, then operation of the liquid pump is halted for a predeterminedperiodoftime,afterthisagainoperatedunder 100%,WhenthepressuredifferencebetWeentheoutletand inletofthepump reachesthevalueoffullloadoperation(full load pump head), loWered to 60%, then shifted to normal operationWhileincreasinginverterfrequencytoincreasethe rotation speed of the pump. By operating in this Way, the occurrenceofundesiredpressureriseabovedesignpressure ofthepump canbeeliminated,fortheoperationofthesystem is started in a state of normal temperature also in the case the dischargecapacityoftheliquidpumpisdeterminedtobe largerthan2times,preferably3—>4timestheforcedcircula tion?oW requiredbythecoolerscapableofalloWingevapo rationinaliquidorliquid/gasmixedstate(imperfectlyevapo ratedstate). When sanitiZingthefreeZerunitafterfreeZingoperationis over,CO2 inthefreeZerunitB mustberecoveredtotheliquid reservoir4byWay ofthebrinecooler3ofthemachineunit. The recovery operation can be controlled by detecting the temperatureofliquidCO2 attheinletsideandthatofgaseous CO2 attheoutletsideofthecoolers6bythetemperature sensorT2,T3respectively,graspingbythecontrollerCL the temperaturedifferencebetWeenthetemperaturesdetectedby T2andT3,andjudgingtheremainingamountofCO2 inthe freeZerunitB.Thatis,itisjudgedthatrecoveryiscompleted When the temperature difference becomes Zero. Therecoveryoperationcanbecontrolledalsobydetecting thetemperatureofthespaceinthefreeZerunitandthepres sureofCO2 attheoutletsideofthecooler3bythetempera turesensorT4andpressuresensorP2respectively,comparing the space temperature detected by the sensor T4 With satura tiontemperatureofCO2 atthepressuredetectedbythesensor P2,andjudgingonthebasisofthedifferencebetWeenthe saturation temperature and the detected space temperature WhetherCO2remainsinthefreeZerunitB ornot. Further,thecontrollerCL controlsalsotheinvertermotor 261 based on the signal from the sensor P2, and the rotation speed of the cooler fan 29 is controlled together With that of theliquidpump 5sothatCO2 liquidHow andcoolingairHow arecontrolledadequately. 45 50 Theliquidpump 5forfeedingCO2 brinetofreeZerunitB sidedischarged3~4timestheamountofCO2 brinerequired bytherefrigerationloadside(freezerunitB side)togenerate forcedcirculationofCO2 brine,andthecoolers6is?lledWith liquidCO2andthevelocityofliquidCO2isincreasedbyuse55 of the inverter 51 resulting in an increased heat transmission performance.Further,asliquidCO2 iscirculatedforciblyby means of the liquid pump 5 of variable discharge (With inverter motor) having discharge capacity of 3~4 times the Hownecessaryfortherefrigerationloadside,distributionof 60 ?uidCO2 tothecoolers6canbedoneWelleveninthecasea pluralityofcoolersareprovided. Further, When the degree of supercool decreases When starting or refrigeration load varies and pressure difference betWeentheoutletandinletofthepump5decreasesand65 cavitating state occurs, the sensor P3 detecting the pressure difference detects that the pressure difference betWeen the US 7,992,397B2PDF Image | AMMONIA CO2 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
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