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Lovekin, 2004; Williams, 2004), so only a brief summary of the relevant aspects is presented here. The electric power generation potential from an identified geothermal system depends on the thermal energy, qR, present in the reservoir, the amount of thermal energy that can be extracted from the reservoir at the wellhead, qWH, and the efficiency with which that wellhead thermal energy can be converted to electric power. Once the reservoir fluid is available at the wellhead, the thermodynamic and economic constraints on conversion to electric power are well known (for example, DiPippo, 2005). The challenge in the resource assessment lies in quantifying the size and thermal energy of a reservoir as well as the constraints on extracting that thermal energy. In the volume method, the reservoir thermal energy is calculated as qR CV(TRT0), (1) where C is the volumetric specific heat of the reservoir rock, V is the volume of the reservoir, TR is the characteristic reservoir temperature, and T0 is a reference, or dead- state, temperature. The thermal energy that can be extracted at the wellhead is given by q m (h h), (2) WH WH WH 0 where mWH is the extractable mass, hWH is the enthalpy of the produced fluid, and h0 is the enthalpy at some reference temperature (15oC in Circular 790). The wellhead thermal energy is then related to the reservoir thermal energy by the recovery factor, Rg, which was defined in Circular 790 as Rg qWH /qR (3) Inherent in equations (1) and (2) is a geometrical concept of the reservoir that allows calculation of a volume and an estimate of the ability to extract hot fluid from the volume. In general it is possible to produce many times the original volume of fluid from the reservoir in order to recover the thermal energy from the reservoir rock. Because The Geysers vapor-dominated field in northern California was the only producing geothermal reservoir in the United States at the time, the mean value for Rg of 0.25 used in Circular 790 was derived from an analysis by Nathenson (1975) of the factors influencing the extraction of heat from a geothermal reservoir through a “cold sweep” process, in which the hot reservoir fluid is gradually replaced by colder water through natural or artificial injection. Analyses of production data from fractured reservoirs at The Geysers, Coso in California, and Dixie Valley in Nevada, indicate that Rg in those fields is closer to 0.1 and varies depending upon the assumed reservoir size and geometry (Williams, 2004). The recent GeothermEx evaluation of identified geothermal resources in California and Nevada incorporates a range for Rg from 0.05 to 0.2, which yields most likely values closer to observed values but also leaves a large uncertainty regarding potential geothermal power production (Lovekin, 2004). 4PDF Image | Assessment of Identified Geothermal Resources
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