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US 2010/0000876A1 Jan.7,2010 [0023] FIG.4isadiagramofathirdembodimentofa member104ofcontainerapparatus102.Thebottomoftube hydrogenproductionsystemaccordingtothepresentinven 120is?aredoutwardandpositionedsothatthebottomoftube tion [0024] FIG.5isadiagramofa?rstcavitationsubsystem accordingtothepresentinvention. [0025] FIG.6isadiagramofasecondcavitationsubsystem accordingtothepresentinvention. [0026] FIG.7isadiagramofthemajorfactorsaffecting hydrogenproduction. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0027] Itshouldbeunderstoodthattheseembodimentsare only examples ofthe many advantageous uses ofthe innova tive teachings herein. In general, statements made in the speci?cation of the present application do not necessarily limit any of the various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others. In general, unless otherwise indicated, singular ele ments may be in the plural and vice versa with no loss of generality. [0028] Inthispatentthefollowingde?nitionsapplywhen these words are used: [0029] CavitationiCavitationisthephenomenonoffor mation (irregardless of mechanism) of vapor bubbles in a ?uid,intheregionwherethepressureofthe?uidfallsbelow its vapor pressure. Cavitation can be divided into two classes ofbehavior:inertial(ortransient)cavitation,andnon-inertial cavitation. Inertial cavitation is the process where a void or bubbleinaliquidrapidlycollapses,producingashockwave. Non-inertial cavitation isthe process where a bubble in a ?uid is forced to oscillate in siZe or shape due to some form of energy(suchasacoustic?elds)input. [0030] AcousticEnergyiForthepurposesofthispatent, acoustic energy refers to all frequencies, as well as any radia tion of any frequency or wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. Also for the purposes of this patent, acoustic energy, as well as any radiation of any frequency or wave lengthintheelectromagneticspectrum,may beemployedas a single frequency (wavelength) or any frequency combina tion thereof (as a discrete sum, difference, harmonics, sub harmonics,overtones,series,etc.). FirstEmbodiment ofHydrogen Production System 120 is below the bottom of cathode 130 but not touching bottommember105ofcontainerapparatus102.Likewise,a hollow, cylindrical tube 122 is connected to and passes through top member 104 of container apparatus 102. The bottomoftube122is?aredoutwardandpositionedsothatthe bottom of tube 122 is below the bottom of anode 132 but not touching bottom member 105 of container apparatus 102. Finally, a transducer 140 is connected to one side of container apparatus 102. Wires 142 connect transducer 140 to power supply110. [0032] Aspreviouslymentioned,powersupply110causes cathode 130 to be negatively charged and anode 132 to be positivelycharged.As aresult,anelectricalcurrentiscreated between cathode 130 and anode 132. The electrical current electrolyZes solution 160 and causes hydrogen to form around cathode 130 and oxygen to form around anode 132. Tube120funnelsthehydrogenoutofcontainerapparatus102 for use further use (shown by arrow 150), such as to provide fuel for hydrogen fuel cells or to directly power an engine. Likewise tube 122 funnels the oxygen out of container appa ratus 102 (shown by arrow 155). As solution 160 is electro lyZed and the constituent gases are removed from the system 100, additional solution can be added through an inlet 170. [0033] Transducer140producesacousticenergywaves 144 which transmit through and cause cavitation in solution 160. This cavitation decreases the energy required to break the chemical bonds of solution 160. As a result, in the pres ence of cavitation, a greater amount of hydrogen is produced at cathode 130 at a given voltage than in the absence of cavitation. Alternatively, in the presence of cavitation, the same amount of hydrogen is produced at cathode 130 at a lowervoltagethanintheabsenceofcavitation. [0034] Hydrogenproductionsystem100isdesignedtobe portable. In one embodiment, hydrogen production system 100 is siZed approximately 8" in length by 8" in width by 8" inheightsothatitcan?tasanenginecomponentinavehicle. However, it is clear to one skilled in the art that hydrogen production system 100 and its components can be scaled largerorsmallerwithoutaffectingthespiritandscopeofthe presentinvention.Likewise, itiscleartoone skilledintheart thathydrogenproductionsystem100anditscomponentscan takeonmany differentshapeswithoutaffectingthespiritand scope ofthepresent invention. FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention where container apparatus 102 is shaped to allow maximum transmittal of sound waves 144 thoughsolution160.Finally,itiscleartooneskilledintheart thatany number oftransducers 140 may be placed atvarious locations on container apparatus 102 and used to produce acoustic energy waves 144 in order to maximiZe the creation of cavitation within solution 160. [0031] FIG.1isacrosssectionalsideviewofthehydrogen production system 100 according to the present invention. Hydrogen production system 100 consists of a container apparatus 102 in the fashion of an electrolytic cell capable of storingavolume ofasolution160. Solution160 iscomprised of a solvent and solute. The solvent is preferably water or another aqueous solution containing hydrogen. The solute is achemicalcompoundcapableofcarryinganelectricalcharge i.e. an electrolyte. The sides of container apparatus 102 are preferablynon-electricallyconductive.Twoelectrically-con ductivepieces130and132areheldabovethebottommember 105 of container apparatus 120 by supporting members 106 and108,respectively.Theelectrically-conductivepiece130 is connected to the negative terminal 112 of power supply 110.Thus,theelectrically-conductivepiece130isacathode. electrolyticcellcapableofstoringasolution160.Thesidesof Likewise, the electrically conductive piece 132 is connected to the positive terminal 114 of power supply 110. Thus, the electrically-conductivepiece132isananode.A hollow, cylindricaltube120isconnectedtoandpassesthoughtop container apparatus 102 are preferably non-electrically con ductive. A hollow, cylindrical, electrically conductive piece 230isheldabovethebottommember207ofcontainerappa ratus202bysupportingmembers232.A secondelectrically Second Embodiment of Hydrogen Production System [0035] FIG.2isacrosssectionalsideviewofanother embodiment, referred to as hydrogen production system 200, of the present invention. Hydrogen production system 200 consists of a container apparatus 202 in the fashion of anPDF Image | CAVIATION ASSISTED SONO CHEMICAL H2 PRODUCTION SYSTEM
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