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US 6,719,817B1 34 conventional internal combustion engine Without overheat ing and Without creation of a vacuum in the system. U.S. Pat. No. 4,155,712 Inventor: Walter G. Taschek Issued: May 22, 1979 Arelativelysmallsizeapparatusforgeneratinghydrogen by the reaction of a metal hydride With Water vapor is 10 disclosed. The metal hydride utilized to generate the hydro gen gas is housed in a fuel chamber of the apparatus and Water vapor is introduced into the fuel chamber through a porous membrane having selected characteristics. The metal hydride reacts With the Water vapor in a conventional 15 mannertoproducepurehydrogen.A variablegaspressure liquid pressure balance means for introduction of Water vapor enables automatic hydrogen generation on demand and enables complete shut doWn When demand ceases. The apparatus of this invention may be operated at any selected constant pressure feed rate. Further, With the apparatus of this invention the Water source is effectively isolated from the metal hydride by the porous membrane, Which has hydrophobic characteristics, and as a consequence, both contaminationoftheWatersourceandcakingofthemetal 25 hydride fuel is minimized. The apparatus of this invention can be utilized as a hydrogen or other gas source in many applications Where a source of hydrogen or other gas is requiredbutisideallysuitedforregulatedandpressurefeed applications, for example, as the hydrogen source for the hydrogen electrode of the fuel cell. condensate (20) is cycled back to the second reactor (14) as the feed Water for generating superheated steam and the heated cooling air (22) is directed to the ?rst stage (12) for useinthegenerationoftheloWBTU gas.Atleastone,and preferably al, of the stages utilize a rotating ?uidized bed. Desirably the condenser (18) is a rotating ?uidized bed heat exchanger. U.S. Pat. No. 4,371,500 Inventor: Ronald I. Papineau Issued: Feb. 1, 1983 A hydrogengeneratingsystemWhichproduceshydrogen instantaneously from Water ready for use upon demand. The system includes a reactor that has reaction zones Wherein catalystandelevatedtemperaturesgeneratehydrogenfrom steam. The zones in the reactor can be in the form of tubes about a heat generating chamber, and the zones are adapted to be interconnected to each other, to atmosphere, and to the source of steam, all to maximize the generation of hydrogen by providing a reactor of optimum ?exibility. The present invention also is directed to systems Which include the hydrogengeneratingsystemandWhichutilizethegenerated hydrogen as a fuel or as a chemical. U.S. Pat. No. 4,458,634 Inventor: Carr, et al. Issued: Jul. 10, 1984 A control system for maintaining a desired Water level range from electrodes spaced thereabove in a layer of oil Where alternating current discharge occurs from electrode doWn to and through Water to another electrode, With the electrical discharge occurring betWeen electrodes disposed at all times in the hydrocarbon oil layer. With the situs of reaction being con?ned to the oil and the interstitialboundry betWeentheoilandWater,dangerousconditionsofhydrogen generation are generally obviated over most state-of-the-art methods of producing hydrogen With a highly ef?cient production process. Hydrocarbon gases and vapors are also produced from the oil With a cracking process occuring to some extent incumbant With the A C discharge from the electrodes through the oil to the Water. This has also been found to gradually upgrade the quality of the oil remaining While some is at the same time consumed in the system. The hydrocarbon gases and vapors are also subject to hydrogen enrichment during the ongoing process. In a system With hydrogen produced being used along With hydrocarbon gases and vapors produced from the oil to run an internal combustion engine A C poWer developed by an A C gen erator driven by the engine ?oWs through a current trans former to a step transformer increasing the A C voltage applied to the electrodes used in the process. A C current being sensed develops a D C signal, through a recti?er, proportional to the A C poWer current being fed to the electrodes. The D C signal ispassed through control circuity to activate individual relay controls When the signal level falls beloW a desired level and rises above a desired level. This is effective to, at preset signal levels, activate a pump or open a drain cock for removing Water from the tank or another pump (or reversal of a pump) to feed Water back to the tank to maintain the Water level in the tank Within a desired range consistent With desired rates of hydrogen generationthroughtheprocess. U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,865 Inventor: Rajendra P. Dalal Issued: Jul. 15, 1986 A method and apparatus for combustion of hydrogen to produce heat, for example to generate steam for poWer U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,8 18 Inventor: Masahiro Suzuki Issued: May 26, 1981 35 Hydrogen is produced by immersing a piece of magne sium in an electrolytic solution containing, for example, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron or platinum and then by immersing the magnesium piece in a neutral salt solution containing, for example, NaCl or KCl, or in sea Water. Furthermore, hydrogen is produced by keeping a magne sium piece in contact With a metal, such as iron in the neutral salt solution for a certain period of time and then by 45 replacing the magnesium piece in another neutral salt solu tion. In the latter method, the generation of hydrogen can be accelerated by connecting the magnesium piece and the metaltoadirect-currentsupplyintherangeof5V to200 V forashorttimebeforethemagnesiumpieceisimmersed in the second neutral salt solution. U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,624 Inventor: Belke, et al. Issued: Aug. 10, 1982 55 A threestagehydrogengenerator(10),comprisesaloW BTU, carbon monoxide and hydrogen containing gas gen eration stage, a ?rst reactor stage (12) for exothermically reducingferricoxideWiththeloWBTU gasandforgener ating superheated steam and a second reactor stage (14) for endothermicallyreactingsteamandirontoproducesubstan tialy pure hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas together With unreacted steam from the third stage (16) is directed to a 65 condenser (18), preferably an air cooled unit, Wherein the steam is condensed and the hydrogen gas recovered. ThePDF Image | CAVITATION HYDROGEN GENERATOR
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