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US 2012/0071702A1 Mar.22,2012 forproducingbubblesofacertainsizeandcollapsingthemat a speci?c rate to plasma hot spots or as required by a particu lar application of the invention. In this way, an application protocol describing the operational conditions and process variable selections most likely to produce a desired result withtheapparatuscanbedevelopedusingtheapparatusand controllerasreportingthosesetpointcombinationsyielding desirableorbest?toperationalcharacteristicsusingcontrol hightemperature(greaterthanapproximately2,0000C.,for lerresidingresultevaluationalgorithms. example), resulting in carbon dioxide reduction to carbon [0021] Thefollowingdescription,withattacheddiagrams, monoxideandmethane. provides details of the important aspects of the invention. Note, however, that the invention has other useful and novel aspectsapartfromthosediscussed.Theseadditionalaspects andadvantagesoftheinventionwillbecome apparentwhen consideringtogetherthefollowingdetaileddescriptionand drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0022] FIG.1showstheinterconnectionbetweenFIGS.1A and1B; [0023] FIGS.1Aand1Bshowapipingandinstrumentation diagram shown over two pages depicting an exemplary implementation of the apparatus of the present invention includingapump system,subsystems,componentsandappa ratuscontrollerusedtoinjectcarbondioxidegasbubblesinto water and subsequently collapse them in a regenerative tur bine pump to form a fuel gas which is separated from the pumped?uid; [0024] FIGS.2A-2Carecross-sectionalviewsoftheregen erativeturbinepump’scasingandimpellerbladechannel; [0025] FIG.3isa?owchartshowingexamplesofthecon troller’s logic, including alternate operational sequences as requiredbythevariousfunctionalcon?gurationsoftheappa ratus of the present invention, in accordance with several aspectsoftheinvention; [0026] FIG.4isa?owchartshowingprocessingstepscar ried out by a carbon dioxide reduction logic of the present invention; [0027] FIG.5isa?owchartshowingprocessingstepscar riedoutbyabubblegenerationlogicofthepresentinvention; and [0028] FIG.6isa?owchartshowingprocessingstepscar ried out by a bubble collapse logic of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0029] Theapparatusofthepresentinventionincludessev eral independent subsystems that together provide for the production and injection of carbon dioxide gas into a water stream to form bubbles, and collapse of the bubbles at a controlledratetoplasma,reducingthecarbondioxidetofuel gas. The apparatus includes a regenerative turbine pump to effectively entrain and collapse bubbles. FIGS. 1A and 1B depictanexemplarypipingandinstrumentationlayoutofthe apparatus 10, including subsystems, shown separated and shown over two pages. [0031] ReferringtoFIGS.1Aand1B,anexemplaryappa ratus is generally indicated at 10. Proceeding from the appa ratus inlet downstream through to the apparatus discharge, theliquid?ow intotheapparatusbeginswithaninletpipe14 connected between water source 12 and process water supply tank 20. Delivery pressure at the inlet pipe 14 centerline is preferably equal to or greater than the net positive suction headrequired(NPSHr)bytheregenerativeturbinepump 60 atitsexpectedmaximum ?ow duringcarbondioxidereduc tion and is also preferably greater than the expected maxi mum pressurerequiredbythebubblegenerationapparatus 30,approximately3to5psig,forexample. [0032] Whenthesystemisinitiallystarted,theprocess water supply tank 20 is ?lled from the water source to an initial level as controlled by the process water supply level controller 18. After initial ?ll and during system operation processwaterisrecirculatedfromthegasliquidseparator90 andreturnedtotheprocesswatersupplytank20.Insuf?cient suctionheadattheinletpipe14canbeovercomethroughthe additionofawaterboosterpump (notshown)betweenthe process water supply tank 20 and the inlet pressure control valve 24. During operation, process water is converted to hydrogen and oxygen and reacted. Make-up water isadded to the process water supply tank 20 as determined by the level controller18throughmotorizedliquidlevelcontrolvalve16 to restore water consumed by the carbon dioxide conversion reaction. [0033] Whentheregenerativeturbinepump60isoperat ing, the process water ?ows from the process water supply tank20,throughthepump inletpipe22,thenthroughaninlet pressure control valve 24 with a motorized inlet valve pilot regulator 26 for controlling ?ow. The controller 100 actuates the motorized inlet valve pilot regulator 26 as directed by controllerlogic101andcarbondioxidereductionlogic106in responsetoconditionsinthepumpedwateratthepump inlet 61,suchaspressureandtemperaturemeasuredbypump inlet pressure111andtemperature112sensors.Pumpinletpres sure sensor 111 may include pump pressure element 111a, pump pressuretransmitter111!)andpump pressureindicator 1110. Temperature sensor 112 may include temperature ele ment 112a, temperature transmitter 112!) and temperature indicator 1120. The sensors comprise a detector element to measure and a transmitter to send the value. While the sensors are shown as discrete devices, the sensors could be a single device. Values sent from transmitters are shown to users on indicators, which can be local or remote gauges or computer graphicalmonitors.Anexampleofasuitablecommercially [0030] A controlled linear stream of carbon dioxide bubbles,whichcouldbeapproximately0.5micronto1mm availablepressuresensor/transmitterisAshcroftXmitr,0-100 diameterinsize,isinjectedintoapumped watermedia atthe inlet, but outside of the casing, of a regenerative turbine pump. The carbon dioxide bubbles are then collapsed, to approximately0.1um to0.2um, inlessthanapproximately4 milliseconds with a pressure rise of approximately 1,000 psig, forexample, while entrainedinthehelicalpumped psi,3".Theprimarycontrolalgorithms,operationanddetec tion sequencing instructions and setpoints or setpoint algo rithms, are stored inthe controller, which can be a PC, Panel PC, PLC (programmable logic controller) or some other speci?cpurposeprogrammableHMI (human-machineinter face)deviceorcontroller.An exampleofasuitablecommer media ?ow within the regenerative turbine pump impeller’s blade channel so that a plasma hot spot is formed at the center of each collapsed bubble. In this way carbon dioxide gas is broughtintocloseproximitytohydrogenreleasedfromwater at the high pressure reached at the core of the collapsed carbon dioxide bubble (approximately 7,200 psig, for example) and the commensurate collapsed bubble domain’sPDF Image | CHEMICAL REACTOR SYSTEM AND METHOD REGENERATIVE TURBINE
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