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US 2012/0071702A1 Mar.22,2012 cially available PLC is Allen-Bradley Micrologix 1400 Model 1766-L32BWAA.An exampleofasuitablecommer cially available PLC software With PID algorithms is RSLogix 500 Professional. An example of a suitable com merciallyavailablePC isHP Compaq dx2450. [0034] Thecontroller100calculatesandadjuststhepro cess Water pressure setpoint downstream ofthe inletpressure control valve 24 by adjusting the inlet pressure control valve 24 using the motorized inlet valve pilot regulator 26. These adjustmentscanbemade usingthepump inletpipe22process Waterconditioninformationgatheredbythepump inletpipe sensors 40, 111 and 112, regulating pressure as required by the inlet bubble generation, apparatus 30 and enabling sus tained generation carbon dioxide bubbles having a size of approximately0.5micronto1mm indiameter,forexample. Inletbubbledetectorsensor40may includesensorelement 40a, transmitter 40b and indicator 400. The controller 100 can detect pump inlet pipe 22 pressure, temperature and gener atedbubbleproperties,andregulateapparatusinletpressure, and calculate a neW position setpoint for the motorized inlet valvepilotregulator26,Whichinturnadjuststhepositionof theinletpressurecontrolvalve24,regulatingthepump inlet pipe22pressureatthebubblegenerationapparatus30.Inthis Way, changes in liquid supply temperature, pressure or other parametervaluesthatoccurduringtheoperationoftheappa ratus, such as a level drop in a Water supply 20 tank, pump inletpipe22turbulence,performancechangeinanupstream connected process, change in liquid supply pressure, or a change inthe How raterequirements ofthe doWnstream sub systems can be detected and compensated for using closed loopcontrol,maintainingpressureandHowasrequiredbythe bubblegenerationapparatus30. [0035] ContinuingWithFIGS.1Aand1B,theprocess Water ?oWs from the inlet pressure control valve 24 through theinletbubblegenerationapparatus30,Wherecarbondiox ide gas is injected into the inlet pipe forming bubbles in the processWater.Any suitablebubbleproductionmethodusing suitable apparatus and methods can be employed. It is expected that a useful con?guration of the inlet bubble gen eration apparatus 30 Will produce a steady, linear bubble streamintherangeofapproximately9,000to10,000bubbles per second, for example, With stable bubble diameters in the rangeofapproximately0.5micronsto1mm, forexample. The aforementioned ranges can vary for different operating conditions. Also, it is desirable for the bubble generation apparatus30toproducealinearstreamofbubblesasopposed to uncontrolled clouds ofbubbles produced by some types of bubblers and elements ofcavitationreactors, even ifthenum ber and size of bubbles in the cloud are controlled. The fol loWingcon?gurationofthebubblegenerationapparatus30, Whilenotrepresentativeofallpossiblealternativesasmight berequiredforcarbondioxidereductionunderaloperating conditions,providesforbubbleproductioninsu?icientnum ber,size,andplacement. [0036] Thebubblegenerationapparatus30usesaninjec tionnozzle32,Whichissizedandshapedtoproducebubbles basedonHow rateandthroughputofthesystem,installedin thepump inletpipe22line,pointeddoWnstreamandaxially centeredinthepump inletpipe22beforetheinletbubble detectionapparatus40ortheregenerativeturbinepump 60, optionally folloWed by a vortex ?tting (not shoWn) such as, forexample,astandardNIBCO vortexinsertionfeedermanu factured by NIBCO, Inc., from Elkhart, Ind., or a Steinen Tan-Jet nozzle, manufactured by Wm. Steinen Mfg. Co., basedinParsippany,N.J.,toassistbubbleentrainment.Inthis arrangementthecarbondioxidegassupply34isconnectedto a compressor 36 Which discharges the gas into a pressure regulated line. Inline gas injection nozzle pressure and com pressorspeedcontrolprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC) 136readstherangedanalogordigitalinjectorpressuresignal from the inline gas injectionnozzle pressure 135 Which may includepressureelement135a,pressuretransmitter135!)and pressureindicator1350.GasinjectionnozzlePLC 136con tinuously retrieves the current inline gas injection nozzle pressure setpoint 198 and recalculates a neW pressure set point, transmitting a ranged analog or digital signal to the motorized gas pressure control valve 35 that regulates the injection nozzle pressure. If the inline gas injection nozzle pressuresetpoint198cannotbeachievedbythecarbondiox ide gas supply 34 pressure, as regulated by the gas supply pressurecontroller38,Whichcontrolsmotorizedgaspressure controlvalve42,thenPLC 136startsthecompressor36,and using the gas injection nozzle pressure at sensor 135 as the process variable, upWardly adjusts the inline gas injection nozzle compressor speed setpoint 199 until the inline gas injection nozzle pressure setpoint 198 is fractionally exceeded. Fine doWnWard gas pressure adjustment isaccom plished by changing the pressure setpoint transmitted to the motorizedgaspressurecontrolvalve35.OncePLC 136cal culates a pressure setpoint, it is transmitted to inline gas injection nozzle pressure control proportional-integral-de rivative controller (PID) 137, With injection nozzle pressure astheprocessvariable.PLC 136relaysthecurrentspeedof themotor(notshoWn)ofcompressor36fromthecompressor speedcontroller37toinlinegasinjectionnozzlecompressor speed control PID 133 along With the current compressor speed setpoint 199. This enables bubble generation across a Wide range of operating pressures, and direct control of bubble content, size and number by varying the inline gas injection nozzle pressure setpoint 198 or the inline gas injec tion nozzle 32 shape or size, in addition to pressure of the liquidinthepump inletpipe22regulatedbytheinletpressure control valve 24. [0037] Other bubble generator apparatus may be used instead of directly injecting bubbles into the ?uid, as dis closed in commonly oWned copending U.S. patent applica tion Ser. No. ,titled “Chemical Reactor System and Methods to Create Plasma Hot Spots in a Pumped Media,” and ?led contemporaneously hereWith. The disclosure ofthis applicationisexpresslyincorporatedhereinbyreference.For example, gas bubbles could be aspirated through an eductor comprising a venturi having a side port for gas admittance. Pressure control before and after the venturi alloWs for the production of bubbles at a controlled rate. Alternatively, a venturi could be used to generate bubbles. [0038] Next,theprocessWatercontainingentrainedcarbon dioxide bubbles passes through the inlet bubble detection apparatus40.Under?xedorloW?oW operatingconditions,or With feedstock that is invariant in composition, it may be suf?cienttomonitorthebubblegenerationapparatus30oper ating conditions as reported by inlet pressure 111 and tem perature 112 sensors Without need for a bubble detection apparatus Where the process output is suitable. Where such correlations are inadequate, or Where bubble production parameter values must be more precisely controlled, addi tional analog or digital detection of the size and number of bubbles actually created may be required. In these applica tions,thecontroller100usescontrollerlogic101thatreceivesPDF Image | CHEMICAL REACTOR SYSTEM AND METHOD REGENERATIVE TURBINE
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