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US 2012/0071702Al Mar.22,2012 the analog or digital bubble production data signal output fromtheinletbubbledetectionapparatus40,andinconjunc tion With other data from inlet sensors 111 and 112 data, calculatesneW operationalparametervalues,suchasthepres sure of the inlet bubble generating inline carbon dioxide injectionnozzle32,establishingclosed-loopbubbleproduc tion control. The controller logic 101 could be programmed usinganysuitablehighorloW-levelcomputerprogramming language, and could be embodied as computer-executable instructionsstoredinacomputer-readablemedium, suchas ?ashmemory orothertypeofnon-volatilememory. The inlet bubble detection apparatus 40 can be any one of a number of devicesthataredesignedtoproducearangedanalogordigital signal that corresponds to the number and sizes of bubbles present in a particular location in a tWo phase liquid media, such as an interferometric laser imaging sizer, a broadband soundvelocimeter,DopplerSonography,oranotheracoustic techniqueforbubblesizing.Propertiesofthepumpedmedia suchascomposition,opacity,inclusions,temperature,asWell as the size and number of bubbles to be produced and the intendedfunctionoftheinventionWillguidetheselectionof theappropriateinletbubbledetectionapparatus40tobeused inconjunctionWithaparticularapplication. [0039] Next, the process Water containing the entrained carbondioxidebubblespassesfromtheinletbubbledetection apparatus 40 and enters the regenerative turbine pump 60. Theturbinepump designWithpump inlet,discharge,casing, channellayout,andconnectingpipingarrangementsandloW internalclearancesenablestheregenerativeturbinepump to entrain carbon dioxide gas bubbles in a helical How of the pumped Water Within the pump casing’s channel, preventing the bubbles from adhering to or forming on the internal sur faces of the pump or Where the pumped bubble containing liquidmedia?oWs. [0040] ReferringnoWtoFIGS.2A-2C,thebubblesand processWaterpassthroughthepump inlet61,Whichprefer ablyhasasmooth,straight-WalledboreWithminimalchange in internal diameter across the pumped media ?oW path and Which preferably intersects the casing tangentially, so that turbulenceWithinthepump inlet,andconsequentlydisrup tiontobubblesizeandlocationintheHow path,isminimized. The pumped media then passes into the regenerative turbine pump’s casing 62 Where the process Water is forced, by con tainmentWithintheimpeller’sbuckets64formedbyimpeller blade65Withinthepump casing’sannularspace,toHow ina helical pathWay 66. This occurs as the pumped liquid moves Withthepump impeller63throughthepump casing62.The process Water rotates about the axis of the direction of How, causing an entrained bubble 67 to remain at the center of the How path, preventing its adhesion to the pump casing’s 62 internalsurfacesandrestrainingittoasingleimpellerbucket 64. [0041] Therotationalspeedsetpointofthepumpimpeller 63 required to establish stable and complete carbon dioxide conversion is maintained and adjusted as required by the controller100(seeFIGS.1Aand1B)duringapparatusopera tion.Therotationalspeedissetsothatthenumberofimpeller buckets64thatpassbythepump inlet61persecondclosely matches the number of How entrained bubbles that pass throughthepump inlet61persecond.Inaddition,thepump speed setpoint and the regulated pump inlet and discharge pressure setpoints are those values that cause the process Water?oW ratetobesuchthatthecarbondioxidebubblesare moved singularlyintotheimpellerbuckets64,minimizingor eliminatingtheincidenceofimpellerbuckets64thatcontain multiplebubblesornoneduringoperation.Finally,thepump impeller63rotationalspeedandpump discharge68pressure areadjustedandmaintainedduringoperationthatthebubbles individually entrained in the process Water How, and con tainedWithinindividualimpellerbuckets64,arecollapsedas thesurroundingprocessWater?oWs fromthepump inlet61to thepump discharge68atcut-Water69andthepressureWithin thebubblecontainingimpellerbuckets64increasesfromthe pump inlet61pressuretothe?nalregulatedpump discharge 68pressure.InthisWay theinitialand?nalbubblesizes,rate ofbubblecollapse,and?nalcollapsedbubblecoretempera tureandpressure,andconsequentlytherateofcarbondioxide reduction,isdirectlyandmechanicallycontrolled.Theactual rate of bubble collapse is determined by the difference betWeen the initial and ?nal bubble size and the rate of pres sure rise Within the pump casing 62. Direct, automatic, mechanical control of these parameter values alloWs the apparatus function to be modulated, both initially and dynamically during operation, for optimal carbon dioxide reduction. [0042] Anexampleofaregenerativeturbinepumpforuse inthepresentapparatusistheRegenerativeTurbineChemical Pump madebyRothPump Company, RockIsland,Il.Roth regenerative turbine chemical duty pumps provide continu ous,highpressurepumpingofnon-lubricatingandcorrosive liquids.Theseregenerativeturbinepumps areprovidedWith one piece, machined self-centering impellers for operation With a Wide variety of chemicals With process heads up to 1400ft.(427m.),600psi(40bar),TDH at3500rpm,NPSH from 3 to 14 ft. (0.91 to 4.2 m.), and temperatures to 4500 F. (232° C.). Another example of a regenerative turbine pump foruseWiththepresentapparatusisDyna?oW Regeneration Turbine Pump made by Dyna?oW Engineering, Middlesex, N.J.Anotherexampleofaregenerativeturbinepump foruse WiththepresentapparatusisModel MT5003P3T6 made by Warrender,LTD.,Wood Dale,Il. [0043] ContinuingdoWnstreamofthepumpcasingand referringtoFIGS. 1A and1B,thepumpedprocessWater,noW containingbubblesofanddissolvedcarbonmonoxide,meth aneandhydrogen,passesoutofthepump casingandthrough the pump discharge 68. The pump discharge 68 also prefer ablyhasasmooth,straight-WalledboreWithminimalchange in internal diameter across the pumped media ?oW path and alsopreferablyintersectsthecasingtangentially,sothattur bulence isminimized. [0044] NextthefuelgasladenprocessWaterpassesthrough the optional discharge bubble detection apparatus 71. Dis charge bubble detection apparatus 71 may include sensor element 71a, transmitter 71b and indicator 710. As With inlet detection, the controller 100 can monitor conditions or prop ertiesoftheprocessWaterinordertodeterminethecorrect speedsetpoint109oftheregenerativeturbinepump 60and the correct pressure setpoints 108 of discharge pressure con trol valve 80. To control bubble collapse rate and prevent incompletereaction,detectionandmeasurement ofthenum ber and size of carbon dioxide bubbles that remain in the process Water stream discharged from the regenerative tur binepump 60canbeusedtorecalculateacorrectiontothe pump speedorthedischargepressuresetpoints109,108.Itis expectedthattherateofbubblecollapseWithintheregenera tive turbine pump 60 Will increase as the maximum pump discharge pressure setpoint 108, as controlled by the regenPDF Image | CHEMICAL REACTOR SYSTEM AND METHOD REGENERATIVE TURBINE
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