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US 2012/0071702A1 Mar.22,2012 pump motorspeedsetpoint109.Thevariablefrequencydrive 126 continuously returns operational status data, including current actual pump motor rotational speed, to the pump motorspeedcontrolPLC 104,Whichinturnrelaysthisactual pump motor rotational speed data to the pump motor speed control PID 105 as the process variable. Once the ?nal adjust ment ofthe pump motor speed setpoint 109 iscomplete and bubble collapse occurs as desired, pump motor speed control PLC 104cansWitchtheprocessvariableusedbythepump motor speed control PID 105 from the actual rotational speed signal relayed from the variable frequency drive 126 to the bubble properties signal transmitted from the discharge bubbledetectionapparatus71.As Withinletpressurecontrol, the discharge pressure control PID 103 and the pump motor speed control PID 105 process variables can be sWitched as requiredbetWeentheactualdischargepipepressureas detectedbythedischargepressuresensor113orthedischarge bubble detection apparatus 71 signal. [0066] Oncetheminimumdischargepressuresetpoint108 forabubblecollapserateand?nalbubblesiZeforaparticular applicationisachieved,?nepump motorspeedsetpoint109 adjustment can commence. To accomplish this, pump motor speedcontrolPLC 104requeststhecurrentbubblegeneration ratefromPLC 211,Whichinturnretrievesthecurrentinlet bubble detection apparatus 40 bubble property values from inletpressurecontrolPLC 200.Oncethecurrentbubblepro ductionrateisretrieved,pump motorspeedcontrolPLC 104 then calculates the current impeller bucket (FIG. 2A, 64) passage rate as impeller (FIG. 2A, 63) revolutions per minute (or other time interval) multiplied by the total number of impellerbuckets64ontheimpeller’scircumference,yielding the total number of impeller buckets passing by the pump inlet 61 per minute or other time interval. With this bubble generation rate data and impeller bucket passage rate data, pump motor speed control PLC 104 continuously recalcu lates a neW pump motor speed setpoint 109 that synchronizes theimpellerbucketpassageratetothebubblegenerationrate sothatthebubblesarecollapsedsinglyintheimpellerbuckets 64. [0067] Itshouldbeunderstoodthattoaccomplishthetim ingbetWeengeneratedbubbleandimpellerbucket64,andas a pre-requisite step of application design, the number of bubblesgeneratedandnumberofimpellerbucketsshouldbe coordinated so that the impeller can be rotated at the mini mum speedtocollapsethebubblesasrequiredbyanappli cationusingaparticularimpellerdesignandbubblegenera tionapparatus30con?guration. [0068] Theapparatuscanbeoperatedinoneofatleastthree separate purpose modes: as directed by an external device or computer,orasdirectedbyalgorithmsexecutedbycontroller logic PLC 211 using controller 100 and residing controller logic 101, carbon dioxide reduction logic 106 and setpoint data107,108,109,ormanuallyusingpanelmountedcontrols and indicators. In each of these three modes, the operational parameter values and setpoints, or the algorithms used to calculate them, as Well as the useful subsystem process vari able identities, are knoWn and are input as controller carbon dioxide reduction logic 106 and setpoint data 107, 108, 109 intended and expected to achieve a particular operational result. [0069] Inanothermode,Wherethecontroller100isusedas a tool to determine the optimal operational parameter values and the identities of those process variables required to pro duce a particular functional result. In this experimental or applicationdevelopmentoperationalmode,thesetpointdata 107, 108, 109 submitted represent test value ranges, or are algorithms used to calculate test value ranges, and include targetperformancespeci?cationsforbubbleproductionand collapse.Inthismode,thecarbondioxidereductionlogic106 can provide both an operational test sequence algorithm that controls hoW each setpoint should be varied across the sub mitted setpoint data 107, 108, 109 range, as Well as an algo rithm and criteria to evaluate each set of operational param eter values against the target application performance speci?cations.Duringtestexecution,carbondioxidereduc tion logic 106 stores those operational setpoints that provide useful results, either a good ?t or a poor match to the target performance. [0070] Thecontroller100canbeusedasananalyticaltool to determine the optimal operational parameter values requiredforproducingbubblesofacertainsiZeandcollaps ingthemataspeci?cratetoplasmahotspotsorasrequiredby a particular application of the invention. The controller 100 alloWs automatic sequential execution of operational trials using electronically stored inlet and discharge pressure set pointvaluesorvaluerangesandpump speedsetpointvalues orvaluerangesthatmay producedesirableperformancechar acteristics, as required by a particular application. The con troller 100 automatically recalculates and varies the opera tionalsetpointsusingtheoriginallyinputsetpointvaluesor value ranges and value modi?cation algorithms residing in the controller. Altemately, the operational trials could be directedusinganexternalcomputer,PLC orotherfunction ally equivalent device to submit test setpoint data 107, 108, 109andtestapplicationlogictocontrollerPLC 211,through externalinterfacePLC 118.Oncetestingiscomplete,result data can be read by or uploaded to an external computer or deviceforstorageorfurtheranalysis.Ratherthanstoringonly criteriamatchingoperationaltestdata,alresultdatacouldbe stored, locally in the controller 100 or on a remote computer or storage device for further analysis. The controller 100 concurrently records and subsequently analyses the trial operational results. In this Way, an application protocol describing the operational conditions and process variable selections most likely to produce a desired result With the apparatuscanbedevelopedusingtheapparatusandcontroller 100 as reporting those setpoint combinations yielding desir able or best ?t operational characteristics using controller residingresultevaluationalgorithms. [0071] FIG.3isa?owchartshoWingprocessingstepsthat are carried out by the controller logic 101 of the present invention. Beginning in step 1010, the controller logic 101 inventories subsystems and obtains the status of the sub systems.A determinationismadeinstep1020astoWhether any errors are present. Iferrors are present, in step 1030 the errors are displayed and the status of the errors is transmitted forrevieW,andthenthesystemishaltedinstep1040.Other Wise, ifthere are no errors in step 1020, a determination is made as Whether to initiate automatic control mode in step 1050. If a negative determination is made, in step 1060 another determination is made as to Whether to initiate manual controlmode. Ifanegativedeterminationismade, yet anotherdeterminationismade astoWhethertoinitiateexter nalcontrolmodeinstep1070.Ifexternalcontrolmodeisnot executed, a control mode error is transmitted (“thrown”) in step 1080 and the processing reverts to step 1030 in Which error stats are displayed and the status is transmitted.PDF Image | CHEMICAL REACTOR SYSTEM AND METHOD REGENERATIVE TURBINE
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