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US 2012/0132538 A1 May 31,2012 12. The method of claim 8, wherein said cathode of said ?rst electrochemical cell includes a cathode material for reducing said carbon dioxide to said intermediate product mixture, said cathode material including at least one of indium, tin, molybdenum, 316 stainless stel, nickel 625, nickel 600, nickel-chromium, elgiloy, copper-nickel, iron, ironalloy,stel,steelalloy,cobalt,cobaltalloy,chromium,or chromiumalloy. 13. The method of claim 8, Wherein said catalyst of said ?rstelectrochemicalcellincludesaheterocyclecatalyst. 14. The method of claim 13, Wherein said heterocycle catalystincludesatleastoneofpyridine,quinoline,l-methyl imidaZole,or4,4'bipyridine. 15. The method of claim 8, further comprising: adjustingapH ofthesecondcompartmentofthe?rstcell betWeenapproximately5andapproximately8. 16. The method of claim 8, Wherein said butanol includes 2-butanol. 17.A systemforelectrochemicalproductionofbutanol, comprising: a ?rst electrochemical cell including: a ?rst cell compartment; an anode positioned Within said ?rst cell compartment; a second cell compartment; a separator interposed betWeen said ?rst cell compart ment and said second cell compartment, said ?rst cell compartment and said second cell compartment each containing an electrolyte; and a cathode and a catalyst positioned Within said second cellcompartment; a carbon dioxide source, said carbon dioxide source coupled With said second cell compartment, said carbon dioxide source con?gured to supply carbon dioxide to said cathode for reduction of said carbon dioxide to an intermediateproductmixture; an extractor con?gured to separate a tWo-carbon interme diatefromsaidproductmixture; a second electrochemical cell con?gured to receive said tWo-carbon intermediate, said second electrochemical celincluding: a ?rst cell compartment; an anode positioned Within said ?rst cell compartment; a second cell compartment; a separator interposed betWeen said ?rst cell compart ment of said second electrochemical cell and said second cell compartment of said second electro chemical cell, said ?rst cell compartment of said sec ond electrochemical cell and said second cell com par‘tment of said second electrochemical cell each containinganelectrolyte;and a cathode positioned Within said second cell compart ment of said second electrochemical cell, said cath ode of said second electrochemical cell con?gured to reduce said tWo-carbon intermediate to butanol. 18. The system ofclaim 17, Wherein saidtWo-carbon inter mediate includes at least one of glyoxal, oxalic acid, glyoxy lic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid, or acetaldehyde. 19. The system ofclaim 18, Wherein saidtWo-carbon inter mediate includes glyoxal. 20. The system of claim 19, Wherein said second electro chemical cell is con?gured for reductive dimeriZation of said glyoxalto2-butanolWithapproximately99% selectivity. *****PDF Image | ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF BUTANOL FROM CO2 and H2O
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