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11 axis of rotation, comprises radial vortices in fractal turbu lence sustained by the radial counter?oW forcing regime of thecentrifugalimpellerandtheaxialsuctionpump. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 12 20igasport 21icollectiontank 22icheck valve 23icapstan for belt drive 24ipuri?ed Water outlet valve 25ibatteryforchargingelectrodes 26islidablecontactfrombatteryterminaltorugoseannulus 27ifeed conduit US 8,268,136B2 FIG. 1 shoWs a cross-sectional schematic vieW of part of thepreferredembodimentfor?eldWaterpuri?cationbyshear cavitation,comprisingcounter-rotatingcentrifugalimpellers. FIG.1connectstoFIG.2. DETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEINVENTION FIG. 2 shoWs a cross-sectional schematic vieW of the remainderofthepreferredembodiment,shoWingaperipheral drive Wheel for causing counter-rotation of the impellers. FIG. 3 shoWs a vieW of the bottom impeller 4 seen from the Workspace. FIG. 3a shoWs a detail of one runner of the bottom impeller 4 intersecting one runner of the top impeller 5 in counter rotation. FIGS. 4a and 4b shoW a detail cross section of opposed 20 rugoseportionsofimpellerperipheralsurfacesastheimpel lerscounter-rotate. FIGS. 40 and 4d shoW a detail cross section of opposed and oppositelychargedrugoseportionsincounter-rotation,pro ducingpulsedelectric?eldsbetWeenthem. 25 FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c explain the vortex-Wall interaction. FIG. 6 shoWs a cross section of an alternative embodiment for ?eld Water puri?cation by shear cavitation, Wherein only one impeller is rotatable. FIG.7shoWsanalternativeembodimentfor?eldWater30 puri?cationbypulsedelectric?elds. FIG. 8 shoWs a detail of an alternative embodiment for the feed source 1. FIG. 9a shoWs alternative means for oppositely charging exactlycounter-rotatingrugoseannulibyanaxialmagnetic 35 ?eld. FIG. 9b shoWs alternative means for oppositely charging counter-rotating rugose annuli Where only one impeller rotates. FIG.10shoWsavieWofthetopimpeller5fromtheWork 40 space. The folloWing description of the preferred embodiment andalternativeembodiments isnotintendedtolimitthescope oftheclaims,butonlytoillustratetheinventionsothatitmay be readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as they apply it to their problem. What the different embodi mentshaveincommon isde?nedbytheclaims,anditisthe claims, not the embodiments, Which de?ne the invention. The description given here is directed toWard the process ing and puri?cation of Water, but the present invention can also be used for processing other ?uids and ?uid mixtures. Therefore,thedescriptionshouldbereadasanexampleofuse and not as a limitation. FIG. 1 in combination With FIG. 2 shoWs the preferred embodiment of the present invention for use in ?eld Water puri?cation. Presented is a schematic cross-sectional vieW. FIG. 2 connects to FIG. 1 as shoWn by the dashed lines. The device is symmetrical about the axis a-a, so the omitted por tiontotherightlooksthesame. ReferringnoW toFIG. 1,Waterfromafeedsource1?oWs through an axial feed port 2 into a radial Workspace 3. The radialWorkspace3isde?nedbyapproximatelyparalleldisk shaped opposing surfaces and provides a passage for Water radiallyoutWardbetWeenthesurfacesandoutoftheWork space at a periphery 9.At least one ofthe opposing surfaces is on a centrifugal impeller. ShoWn here are opposing surfaces on tWo coaxial counter-rotatable centrifugal impellers, a bot tom impeller 4 and a top impeller 5. Each impeller is con nectedtomeansforrotation,andeachoperatesasacentrifu galpump for?uidintheWorkspace.Theaxialfeedport2isat the center of the bottom impeller 4. The impellers counter rotateabouttheaxisa-atherebycausingaradialshearlayerin theWorkspace.Alongthesurfacesoftheimpellersarelami narboundarylayersWherefeedandheavyfractionsare advected radially outWard by momentum transfer from the impellers. The shear layer comprises fractal turbulence betWeen the laminar boundary layers and provides means for radially inWard advection simultaneous With said radially outWardadvectionintheboundarylayers,WhichWillbe referred to as radial counter?oW. By the term counter-rotate is meant different angular velocities of the surfaces Which de?ne the radial Workspace, abouttheaxisa-a;exactcounter-rotationisthecaseWherethe angularvelocitiesareequalandoppositeindirection,but counter-rotation also includes the case Where one impeller rotates, and an opposed static surface does not. In accordance With this de?nition, the preferred embodiment shoWn in FIGS.1and2comprisesexactlycounter-rotatingcentrifugal impellers,althoughinexactlycounter-rotatingimpellersare also possible. In the alternative embodiment shoWn in FIG. 6 there is only one centrifugal impeller, and the shear layer is betWeen the rotating impeller and a static casing having a differentangularvelocity,namelyZero. Radially outWard advection of Water to discharge at the periphery9oftheWorkspaceiscausedbymomentumtransfer fromthecentrifugalimpellers4,5andmaybeassistedbyfeed FIG. 11 shoWs an alternative embodiment of the bottom impeller 4, seen from the Workspace. The rugose annulus compriseschevron-shapedradialridges.Thetopimpeller5, seenfromtheWorkspace,isidentical. DRAWING REFERENCE NUMERALS lifeed source 2iaxialfeedport 3iWorkspace 4ibottom impeller 5itopimpeller 6irunner 7ipinch 8irugoseannulus 9iperiphery, exit for puri?ed Water 104electrode 114casing 12isupportWheel 13iaxial exhaust port 14iaxial suctionpump 15iperipheraldriveWheel 16iperipheraldriveWheelspindle 17iperipheral drive Wheel motor 18islidable seal 19iimpellerdrivespindle 45 50 55 60 65 28iaxial gas conduitPDF Image | ELECTROHYDRAULIC AND SHEAR CAVITATION RADIAL COUNTERFLOW LIQUIDPROCESSOR
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