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US 2011/0146939A1 Jun.23,2011 [0040] Insuchasystemthepressureinthevariouspartsof [0051] AlthoughconvenientlyWaterisusedasthethermal the system can be cycled betWeen loW and high pressures to allow desorption of Water vapour from the Zeolite to occur at temperatures achievable by solar thermal collectors and adsorptionofWatervapourfromtheZeolitetooccurathigher pressure to liberate heat at a higher temperature than that at Whichdesorptionoccurs.Atleast150°C.isachievableduring theadsorptionstage. [0041] Ideallythepressureintheevaporatorisreducedto alloW Water to boil at loW temperatures less than 50° C. and loWgradeheatenergyissuppliedtotheevaporator.Byreduc ingthepressureintheevaporatortoalloWWatertoboilatloW temperatures (say 5-50° C.) and supplying loW grade heat energy to the evaporator from an environmental source, such asexternalairoutsideabuildinginWhichthestoragesystem is installed, the overall e?iciency of the system can be improved, increasing the co-e?icient of performance up to 2 times. The thermal collector may, for example, be a geother mal heat collector or solar panel source. [0042] Inanotherembodimentoftheinventionathermal storageandreleasesystemcomprises: transport?uid,other?uids,suchasconventionalrefrigerants may be used instead. [0052] Toachievethedesireddesorptiontemperaturethe pressure in the container should be 0.2 bar or less. [0053] Inafurthervariantafterre-sorptionthepressure WithinthestoreishigherthanthatatWhichdesorptionoccurs andisnormallyatmosphericpressure. [0054] InoneembodimenttheZeolitestore,condenser,and ducting and valves there betWeen are a hermetically sealed unit pressurised initially at 0.2 Bar or less. [0055] Inavariantonthislatterembodimentapumpis disposed betWeen the Zeolite store and condenser to reduce pressure in the store on starting desorption and in addition means (suchasanairvalve)isprovidedtorestorethepressure inthe storetoatmospheric pressureWhen re-sorptioniscom plete. [0056] Suchathermalstoragesystemdescribedaboveis designed to be a constituent of a heating system, but its use is notsolimitedandinparticularitmay atleastbepartofa Rankine cycle to generate electricity. As part of a Rankine [0043] a.atleastonethermalcollectorhaving?rstducts cycletheZeoliteheatstoragecellWouldalsocontainsealed therein for the transport of a heat collecting ?uid; [0044] b. a thermal storage device having a container passageWays for a refrigerant liquid to be heated by Zeolite adsorption and be boiled to a high pressure gas. This gas refrigerant Would then drive an expander such as a scroll or turbine.Oncethegashaspassedthroughtheexpander(driv With a Zeolite molecular sieve therein, the device incor poratingameans toprovideforunidirectional?oW of WatervapouronitsexpulsionfromtheZeolitemolecular inganelectricalgenerator)itWouldbecooledandcondensed sieve and means to admit Water vapour to the Zeolite molecularsieve; [0045] c.oneormoresecond?uidductsinoraroundthe container connected to the ?rst ducts to provide a ther mal path from the collector to the Zeolite molecular sieve; [0046] d.acondensertoreceiveWatervapourdriven fromtheZeolitemolecularsieve; [0047] e.anevaporatortosupplyWatervapourtothe Zeolite molecular sieve under reduced pressure When heat is demanded of the system. [0048] Theheatcollecting?uidmaybeanysuitable?uid, includinggases.Wateristhecheapestmostconvenient?uid, but refrigerants, and gases such as nitrogen are easily used. [0049] Intheaboveembodiment,theZeolitemolecular sieve may be heated by the thermal collecting ?uid passing through said second ducts to drive Water vapour from the Zeolite molecular sieve and out of the container and Wherein Water vapour is admitted into the Zeolite molecular sieve When heat is demanded. The thermal collector having ?rst ductsmay beaconventionalWatercirculatingsolarcollector suchastheTUBO 12TMCPC tubecollectorsorPLANO 26TM ?atplatecollectorsbothmarketedbyCorisolarGmbH of Frankfurt.HoWevertherearemay othersimilarsolarcollec tors on the market Which using Water as the thermal transport means in the same Way. Alternatively, a parabolic mirror collectormay beusedfocussingsolarenergyonto?rstducts atthecentreofthemirror,insome situationssuchacollector my raisethetemperatureoftheheatcollecting?uidconsid erably. [0050] Conventionallysuchthermalcollectorsarecoupled to a thermal store comprising a conventional insulated hot WatercylinderconnectedtoprovidehotWaterto,say,abuild ing. Although cheap and simple to install such thermal col lectors Were not previously generally thought to be suitable forsupplyingheattobuildings. back into a liquid. The e?iciency of such a heat engine is improvedbyextendingthetemperaturerangebetWeenthehot gas expansion and the cold gas compression regions. Com bining the Zeolite system With the Rankine cycle system provides tWo advantages. The evaporator unit in the Zeolite system provides a cool source as the liquid boil and draWs energy of evaporation from the liquid. Linking this to the condenser unit of the Rankine cycle improves the e?iciency of the heat cycle is supplied to the evaporator of the Zeolite system, recycling the energy and improving the co-ef?cient ofperformance. [0057] Inthisspeci?cation“adsorb”referstotheadsorp tion of Water vapour into the Zeolite molecular sieve, “des orption”referstothereleaseofWatervapourfromtheZeolite molecularsieve,duringtheadsorptionphaseheatisreleased from the Zeolite molecular store and during the desorption phasetheheatistakenintotheZeoliteprovidingtheenergyto expel the Water and the energy is effectively stored until the next adsorption phase occurs. [0058] FIG.1AshoWsapartialsectionthroughadevice accordingtotheinventionformingathermalstoragebattery; [0059] FIG.1BisanendonvieWofthesectionshoWnin FIG. 1A; [0060] FIG.2shoWsschematicallyathermalstoragesys tem comprising a number of thermal batteries of the kind shoWn in FIG. 1. [0061] FIG.3shoWsasectionthroughathermalstorage device according to the invention in Which the heat source is a solar panel. [0062] FIG.4AshoWsanumberofthermalstoragebatter ies according to the invention mounted in an insulating con tainer; [0063] FIG.4BisaplanvieWofthethermalstoragebat teries of FIG. 4A; [0064] FIG.4CisasectiononthelineA-A'ofFIG.4B; [0065] FIG.4DisadetailvieWoftheareaBinFIG.4C;PDF Image | ENERGY ABSORPTION AND RELEASE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS
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