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US 2011/0146939A1 Jun.23,2011 example, it is a large surface planer collector. The thermal collector has a thermally absorbing coating 29 Which in its simplest for is matt black paint, but commercially available solarabsorbingpaintsWouldbepreferred. [0083] Thesolarcollectorisfurthersupportedonthecon tainerbyspars30,Whichalsoprovidethethermalcouplingto the container. In this construction, the container 22, ?ns 24, ducts 25 and 27, collector 28 and spars 29 are manufactured inextrudedaluminium.Aluminiumhashighthermalconduc tivity, is robust and easily fabricated, hoWever, other high thermalconductivitymaterialssuchascoppercouldbeused. The container 22 is oval in cross section to alloW for maxi mum transmissionofheatfromthepanel28totheentire Zeolite molecular sieve 23. The assembly is mounted in an open topped box (not shoWn) Which is made of insulating material, and the volume betWeen the box and the assembly ?lled With conventional insulating material. In this con?gu ration the solar panel is exposed to the sun beneath a solar glassplateclosingthetopofthebox. [0084] Operationissimilartotheelectricallyheatedther mal storagedeviceofFIGS. 1A and1B,hoWever,thesource ofheatisthesolarpanel28.Heatfromthepanelistransmitted through the container 22 and ?ns 24 to the Zeolite. This drives Water vapour from the Zeolite molecular sieve 23 through slots 26 and ducts 25, out of the thermal storage device 21 through a non-retum valve. When the solar panel is not exposed to the sun, the container and Zeolite cool and any remainingWatervapourinthecontainerrecombinesWiththe Zeolite creating a vacuum Within the container 22. LoW-pres sure loW temperature Water vapour is admitted to duct 25 through slot 26 into the Zeolite molecular sieve. This com bines With the Zeolite in an exothermic reaction releasing heat. This heat is taken from the thermal storage device by Water ?oWing through ducts 27. This heat can be used forhot Watersystems,centralheatingsystemsorconvertedintoelec tricity. [0085] A series of such thermal storage batteries can be controlled such that some may be charging and others dis charging at the same time, providing a continuous source of energy. The devices can be charged at times When plenty of thermal energy is available and maintained in a charged con dition until energy is needed. Typically a single thermal stor agedeviceWouldhaveasolarcollector28Whichis200mm Wideby1000mm long.ThespeedofchargingWillvary depending on location and Weather conditions. [0086] Pipesconnectedtotheducts25tocarryingWater vapour should be sealed and evacuated of air. These pipes are connected to a small vessel, Which Would act as a condenser andevaporatorofWatervapourduringuse.Controlofapanel to release its heat energy Would be in the form of a simple solenoid valve betWeen evaporator and the thermal storage battery, controlled by a straightforWard end user clock/timer system to call for heat as in a typical heating system control. [0087] Duringenergystoragephasesolarenergyheatsthe collector surface to a temperature of betWeen 200 and 3000 C. Asthesolarpanelismanufacturedfromaluminium,heat conducts rapidly through the internal ?ns 24 into the Zeolite molecular sieve 23. As the Zeolite molecular sieve 23 is heated, Water vapour that Was previously combined With the Zeoliteisdrivenout,thiseffectivelychargesthebattery.The Watervapourthusformhasamuch largervolumethanWhen itistrappedWithinthemolecularsieveoftheZeolite.Pressure inthecontainer22risesasvapourleavesthesieve,thisforces the vapour through a non return value, into the condenser Where it is introduced to a loWer temperature and readily condenses. During the process of condensation heat energy is given off, this heat energy could be used to heat end user hot Waterorissimplydischarged,itisaby-productofthecharg ingprocess.As thedevicecoolsnaturallyafterthecharging cycle any residual Water vapour in the container is absorbed back into the chemical causing a vacuum to occur. This sys temisnoW inafullychargedstateasthevapourthatpassed through the non-retum valve into the condenser cannot return. [0088] ToactivateheatdischargeWatervapouratloWtem perature and pressure is reintroduced. The end users control systemcallsforheat,apump startstocirculateWateraround a system in a conventional manner to heat a Water tank, Water passes through each solar collector to take heat aWay. The control signal that calls for heat, in turn, opens the solenoid valveseparatingtheinteriorofthecontainerfromtheWaterin the condenser Which noW becomes an evaporator, and the vacuum Within the container so reduces the pressure in the condenser that Water therein boils and vaporiZes. Water vapour?llsthesystemandisrapidlydraWnintothemolecular sieve of the Zeolite. The vapour is absorbed into the sieve, maintaining the loW pressure until the molecular sieve can absorb no more vapour. During absorption an exothermic reaction takes place Within the molecular sieve, and heat energy is generated, approximately 275 Watts per litre of molecular sieve of type X13 Zeolite. The rate of energy release is a function of volume of Water vapour alloWed into the container area and also the rate at Which heat energy is taken aWay. If no heat energy is taken from the system the temperature of the sieve during discharge could rise above 200° C. and reach an upper limit. [0089] Careisrequiredindesigningthecondenser/evapo rator. In the evaporation phase, if insuf?cient energy is pro videdtotheevaporatingWater,itWillfreeZehaltingthepro cess and similarly ifthe Water vapour during charging is not condensedthepressureinthesystemWouldriseexcessively andalsohaltingtheprocess. [0090] FIGS.4Ato4Dillustratealargethermalsystem storage device suitable for mounting as a panel on a roof. A box 34 has mounted Within ita plurality of individual thermal storage batteries 31 of the kind described in FIG. 3. The thermal collectors 28 are visible mounted beloW a glass plate 33, Which insulates the contents of the box. Each of the batterieshasWatervapourductsandductsforheattransfer medium,Waterinthisexample,asinFIGS.3A and3B.The Watervapourducts,areconnectedtogetherandtoacondenser andevaporator,noW shoWn.Theheattransferductsarecon nected to a hot Water circulating system, again not shoWn. ControlvalvesaremountedbeloWapanel32.A 3m2panelof thiskindcouldcollectandstore12KWhs ofthermalenergy a day, and be available for use long after collection. Such a panelcanprovidethebasisforspaceheatingandhotWaterfor a house. [0091] InFIGS.5AandSE,adevice41accordingtothe invention for absorption and subsequent release of energy comprises a container 42 Within Which is a Zeolite molecular sieve43.Pins44 extenddoWn intotheZeolitemolecularsieve 43.A Watervapourduct45runsthroughthecontainerWith slots 46 connecting duct 45 to the Zeolite molecular sieve 43. Atthetopofthecontainer42asolarpanel48ismountedWith a solar energy absorbing surface 49 of matt black paint, or specialsolarabsorbingpaint.Spars50helpsupportthesolarPDF Image | ENERGY ABSORPTION AND RELEASE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS
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