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US 2011/0146939A1 Jun.23,2011 panel on the container 42. Mounted below the container, but thermally connected thereto, are cooling ?ns 47. [0092] FIG.6isaschematicdiagramofacoolingsystem using the device of FIG. 5. The Water vapour duct 45 is connected to a condenser 51 having external cooling ?ns. Water vapour leaving the thermal storage device 41 con denses in the condenser 51. The condenser 51 is connected to anevaporator53viaacapillarytube52.Withintheevaporator 53 is a heat exchanger 56 through Which ?uid ?oWs. The ?uid can be Water or another heat transfer ?uid. Warm ?uid is pumpedthroughpipe54intotheheatexchanger56,Wherein it gives up its heat to evaporate loW pressure Water arriving throughthecapillary52intoevaporator53.Thecontainer42, ?ns 44 and 47, solar collector 48 and spars 50 are all made from extruded aluminium, Which has good thermal conduc tivity.Heatfallingonthesolarcollector48isthustransmitted easilytotheZeolitemolecularsieve43. [0093] Inuse,heatenergyfallingonsolarpanel48istrans mitted to the molecular sieve 43 causing Water vapour in the sieve to be driven off, through slots 46 to the duct 45 and a non-retumvalve57(FIG.6)intothecondenser51.Heatinthe Water vapour is lost through external ?ns 58 as the Water vapour cools and condenses. Ifthe source of solar energy is noW cut off, the thermal storage device cools creating a vacuum inthe container 42 as any remaining Water vapour in thecontainerrecombinesWiththeZeolitemolecularsieve43. This vacuum in turn transmits to the evaporator 53 via the duct 45, causing Water in the evaporator to boil and taking heat from the heat exchanger 56 in the process, cooling cir culating?uidenteringthroughpipe54andleavingthrough pipe55. [0094] TheWatervapourthuscreatedenterstheZeolite molecular sieve 43 via duct 45 and slots 46 and combines With the Zeolite, releasing heat in the process as a result of the exothermic reaction that occurs. This heat is conducted from thethermalstoragebattery,throughtheWallsofthecontainer and ?ns 47. Once the process of discharging all the heat energy in the Water vapour is complete in this Way, the cycle canberepeated.A numberofthermalstoragebatteriescanbe used in this Way each a different phase of the charging dis chargingcycle,sothatcontinuouscoolingoftheheattransfer ?uid circulating in pipes 54 and 55 can be achieved. [0095] AlthoughthisdeviceisshoWnWithasolarcollector forheatingpurposes,itisalsopossibletoconstructitWithan electrical heating system as in FIG. 1; the solar panel should thus be seen as just one example of a heat source. Neverthe less, the advantages of the solar heating system are particu larly obvious in countries Where cooling systems, such as in airconditioners,aremostused.Themore solarenergythatis available the more effectively Will the device Work. [0096] Although for schematic purposes the duct 45 is shoWn as tWo separate ducts in FIG. 6, in reality the evapo rator and condenser can be connected through the opposite ends of container 42 through end covers, or a single entry point over to container 42 isprovided With a solenoid control valve controlling Whether duct 45 is connected to the con denser 51 or the evaporator 53. [0097] InFIG.7,adeviceforabsorptionandsubsequent release according to the invention similar to that shoWn in FIGS.3A and3B isusedaspartofadesalinationsystem. Water vapour duct 25 of the thermal storage device 21 is connected through a solenoid sWitch valve 71 to ducts 67 and 68. Duct 67 isthe Water vapour outlet ofan evaporator 64, and duct 68 is the Water vapour inlet of a condenser 66. The heat transfer ?uid duct 27 of the thermal storage device is con nected to the heat exchanger 72 of the evaporator 66. Sea Water(orotherWaterneedingpuri?cation)isadmitted through a pipe 61 to a de-aerator holding vessel 62. The air outletloWdoWntheholdingvesselconnectsthroughafurther pipe 63 to the evaporator 64. Sea Water can thus be draWn from the holding vessel 62 to the evaporator 64. [0098] Watervapourthatiscondensedinthecondenser66 canbedrainedthroughpipe69.A conventionalheatexchange system70connectstheheatexchanger73ofthecondenser66 With the heat exchanger 72, to the evaporator 64. Waste heat from the condenser 66 can then be used to assist evaporation intheevaporator. [0099] Theupperpartoftheevaporatorisconnectedtoa pump 65,tocreateloWpressureintheevaporator.Inuse,sea Water enters the holding vessel 62 Which acts as a de-aerator. This Water is at ambient temperature and pressure. The de aerationcanbeachievedbyraisingtheWater’stemperatureor reducingthepressure.Mosteconomicallythiscanbedoneby using heat from the condenser 66 or from the thermal storage device 21 by connecting the heat transfer ?uid duct 27 throughtheholdingvessel62(thisconnectionisnotshoWn). The de-aerated salt Water is fed at a controlled rate through pipe63totheevaporator64.As someWaterisboiledinthe evaporator 64, salt and/or other impurities Will build up and concentrate in the remaining Water, Which can be drained aWay from time to time through duct 74 at the bottom of the evaporator. [0100] Thesystemisprimedbyreducingpressureinthe evaporatorusingpump65.AsaresultWaterinthecondenser Willboil.Formaximum e?iciencytheheattoassistthiscanbe suppliedfromthecondenserheatexchanger73and/orfrom the heat exchange ?uid in duct 27. [0101] Inthethermalstoragedevice21,solarenergydrives Water vapour from the Zeolite molecular sieve (23 in FIG. 3) throughducts25and68intothecondenser66.HeretheWater vapour condenses to pure Water and can be taken for use through pipe 69. IfnoW the thermal storage device 21 is isolated from the source of energy, the thermal storage device cools and any remaining Water vapour Will combine With the ZeoliteintheZeolitemolecularsieveasdescribedbefore.This inturncreatesavacuum inthethermal storagedevice21.The valve71issWitchedtoalloWWatervapourfromevaporator64 to enter the thermal storage device 21 and combined With the Zeolite, draWing in more Water vapour and generating heat as a result of this exothermic reaction. This heat is transported from the thermal storage device 21 using the heat transfer ?uid in duct 27. In turn this heat can be used as described to aidevaporationintheevaporatorandde-aerationinholding vessel 62. [0102] OncetheZeoliteabsorbedalltheWatervapourthatit can, the cycle is repeated by exposing the thermal storage device once again to the source of energy. But this time the Water collected in condenser 66 Will have originally entered the system through pipe 61. It can be seen therefore that an energy e?icient desalination system is created. [0103] AWaterpuri?cationsystemofthiskindcanbeused foremergencysterilization.IfWishedWatercanbeprevented from entering the evaporator until ithad reached a suitable temperature at Which bacteria and viruses Would have been substantially killed or deactivated. This can be achieved through the preheating of Water in the de-aerator holding vessel 62 before it enters the evaporator 64, With a ?oW controlvalve(notshoWn)inpipe63WhichonlyopensWhenPDF Image | ENERGY ABSORPTION AND RELEASE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS
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