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US 8,286,425B2 34 Exemplary embodiments of components, arrangements, and con?gurations are described below to simplify the present disclosure; however, these exemplary embodiments are pro vided merely as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Additionally, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various exemplary embodiments and across the Figures provided herein. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarityanddoesnotinitselfdictatearelationshipbetweenthe various exemplary embodiments and/or con?gurations dis cussed in the various Figures. Moreover, the formation of a ?rst feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the ?rst and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formedinterposingthe?rstandsecondfeatures,suchthatthe ?rstandsecondfeaturesmay notbeindirectcontact.Finally, the exemplary embodiments presented below may be com bined inany combination ofways, i.e.,any element from one exemplaryembodimentmaybeusedinanyotherexemplary 20 embodiment,withoutdepartingfromthescopeofthedisclo sure. structure 24 (FIG. 1). The frustoconical structure 26 de?nes a ?ow region27thatis?uidicallycoupledtothewave chamber 22 (FIG. 1). Pluralities of structural support members 28 and 30 are disposed around and support the frustoconical struc ture26 andtheremainderoftheradial?ow turbine12.An in?ow radial passage 32 is de?ned between an underside 34 ofthe shroud 17 and an upper side ofan annularmember 36. The in?ow radial passage 32 extends circumferentially about the vertically-extending center axis 25. The annular member 36 is axially spaced from the underside 34 of the shroud 17. Streamlined fairings 38 cover the structural support members 28 and extend between the underside 34 of the shroud 17 and theannularmember 36.The fairings38 arecircumferentially spacedaboutthevertically-extendingcenteraxis25,thereby segmentingthein?owradialpassage32.An out?owradial passage 40 is de?ned between the lower side of the annular member 36 and an upper side ofan annular base 42, which, in turn, is coupled to one or more of the frustoconical structure 26 and the support members 28 and 30. The out?ow radial passage40extendscircumferentiallyaboutthevertically extendingaxis25.Theannularbase42isaxiallyspacedfrom the annular member 36. Streamlined fairings 44 cover the structuralsupportmembers 28,andextendbetweentheannu larmember 36 and the annular base 42, and are circumferen tiallyspacedaboutthevertically-extendingcenteraxis25, segmenting the out?ow radial passage 40. Each of the pas sages 32 and 40 is?uidicallycoupledtothewave chamber 22. Additionally,certaintermsareusedthroughoutthefollow ingdescriptionandclaimstorefertoparticularcomponents. Asoneskilledintheartwillappreciate,variousentitiesmay 25 refer to the same component by different names, and as such, the naming convention for the elements described herein is notintendedtolimitthescopeoftheinvention,unlessother wisespeci?callyde?nedherein.Further,thenamingconven tionusedhereinisnotintendedtodistinguishbetweencom 30 ponents that differ in name but not function. Further, in the followingdiscussionandintheclaims,theterms“including” supportmembers28extendaxiallyupwardpastthepassages and“comprising”areusedinanopen-endedfashion,andthus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to.” Allnumericalvaluesinthisdisclosuremaybeexactor35 approximate values unless otherwise speci?cally stated. Accordingly, various embodiments of the disclosure may deviatefromthenumbers,values,andrangesdisclosedherein withoutdepartingfromtheintendedscope.Furthermore,asit isusedintheclaimsorspeci?cation,theterm“or”isintended 40 to encompass both exclusive and inclusive cases, i.e., “A or B”isintendedtobesynonymouswith“atleastoneofA and B,”unlessotherwiseexpresslyspeci?edherein. FIG. 1 illustrates an energy conversion system 10, accord ing to an exemplary embodiment. The energy conversion system10includesaradial?ow turbine12andanoscillating watercolumn14?uidicallycoupledthereto.A generator16is operablycoupledtotheradial?owturbine12,andisenclosed withinashroud17.A bodyofwater18,suchasanocean,is ?uidicallycoupledtotheoscillatingwatercolumn14.Waves 50 in the body of water 18 cause the column 14 to oscillate vertically, as indicated by arrow 20. The column 14 oscillates within a wave chamber 22, which may be de?ned by a gen erallycylindricalstructure24.Moreparticularly,thecolumn 14de?nesanupstrokewhenthecolumn14isincreasingin55 height and a downstroke when the column 14 isdecreasing in height. It will be appreciated that during the upstroke, a motive ?uid, suchasair,isforcedoutofthewave chamber 22, andduringthedownstroke,themotive?uidisdrawnintothe wave chamber 22. 60 With continuing reference to FIG. 1, FIGS. 2-7 illustrate more detailedviews oftheradial?ow turbine12,accordingto an exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, there is illustrated an elevation and a cross-sectional view of the radial?owturbine12,respectively.Theradial?owturbine12 65 may have a vertically-extending center axis 25 and may include a frustoconical structure 26 coupled to the cylindrical 32and40andthenradiallyinward,therebyde?ningrespec tiveradially-extendingportions52ofthesupportmembers28 thatsupportoneormoreofthegenerator16,theshaft48and theturbinewheel46.A bulbous-shapedprotrusion54extends downwardlyfromtheturbinewheel46.A ring56isaxially spaced from and positioned below the turbine wheel 46. A plurality of radial in?ow turbine buckets 58 is coupled to the turbinewheel46andthering56,extendingaxiallyfromthe turbinewheel46tothering56.Thepluralityofradialin?ow turbine buckets 58 extends circumferentially about the verti cally-extendingcenteraxis25andalongtheturbinewheel46 andthering56.A ring60isaxiallyspacedfromandposi tioned below the ring 56. In an exemplary embodiment, the ring 60 extends within an annular channel 61 formed in the uppersideoftheannularbase42.A pluralityofradialout?ow turbinebuckets62iscoupledtotherings56and60,extending axiallyfromthering56tothering60.Thepluralityofradial out?owturbinebuckets62extendscircumferentiallyabout thevertically-extendingcenteraxis25andalongtherings56 and60.A radiallouverdamper64isdisposedwithinatleast aportionoftheendofthe?ow region27opposingthewave chamber 22. The annular base 42 extends circumferentially aroundthelouverdamper64. Referring additionally to FIGS. 6 and 7, there is shown a partialperspectiveviewandapartialplanview,respectively, of the radial ?ow turbine 12, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown, the buckets 58 and 62 may be two dimensional prismatic sections, such as impulse turbine buckets. Moreover, the radial ?ow turbine 12 may include a plurality of radial in?ow noZZle vanes 66 coupled to the underside34 oftheshroud 17 andtheannularmember 36 and extending axially from the underside 34 and to the annular member36.Thepluralityofradialin?ownoZZlevanes66 extendscircumferentiallyaboutthevertically-extendingcen teraxis25 andalongtheunderside34 andtheannularmem Referringnow additionallytoFIGS. 4and5,thereisshown a partial perspective view and a partial cross-sectional view, respectively,oftheradial?owturbine12.Theturbinewheel 46 is operably coupled to the generator 16 via a shaft 48. ThePDF Image | ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM WITH DUPLEX RADIAL FLOW TURBINE
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