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?oWs into and out of the radial ?oW turbine 12 radially and perpendiculartothecenteraxis25,accesstothegenerator16 and mechanical components such as bearings and/or seals is facilitated. Moreover, the radial ?oW turbine 12 provides a Widerrangeofpracticalbuckethubtotipratios,Whichfacili tatesthescalingoftheradial?oW turbine12tocommercial sizes. FIGS. 10 and 11, With continuing reference to FIGS. 1-9, illustrate another embodiment of compliantly mounting the pluralityofradialin?oWnoZZlevanes66.Insteadoforin 10 addition to the elastomeric mounting arrangement shoWn in FIGS. 8 and 9, the radial in?oW noZZle vanes 66 may be mechanically mounted With a shoulder screW 84, a bearing assembly 86, and a biasing member such as a torsion spring 88. More particularly, each radial in?oW noZZle vane 66 includes a bore 660 formed in each of the opposing axial end portionsofthehead6611,Withoneendportionofthetorsion spring 88 extending Within the bore 660 formed in the upper axial end portion of the head 6611. FIG. 11 illustrates the bore 660,shoWingoneofthepluralityofradialin?oWnoZZlevanes 20 66 Without the shoulder screW 84 or bearing 86. It Will be appreciated, hoWever, that this omission is simply for illus tratingthebore660. The shoulder screW 84 extends doWnWardly through the bearingassembly86andthetorsionspring88,Whichis25 positionedaxiallybeloWthebearingassembly86,andfurther extends into the upper axial end portion of the head 66a. Likewise, a shoulder screW (not shoWn) similar to the shoul der screW 84 extends upWardly through a bearing assembly 86similartothebearingassembly86andatorsionspring similar to the torsion spring 88, and further extends into the loWer axial end portion of the head 66a. In an exemplary embodiment, the bearing assembly 86 is or includes an anti friction bearing, and/or a no-lube ball bearing. The torsion spring88andthetorsionspringsimilartheretoarecon?gured 35 sothatnormal?oW inducedpressureloadingoneachvane66 isadaptedtoWorkagainstthestiffnessofthetorsionsprings, thereby forcing the radial in?oW noZZle vane 66 to rotate or pivot about a vertical axis that is generally parallel to the vertically-extendingcenteraxis25.Thetorsionspring88and 40 the torsion spring similar thereto, and the bores 660, are con?gured so that, When no motive ?uid isapplied, the radial in?oWnoZZlevane66rotatestoitsfullyclosedposition.As a result,motive?uidsuchasaircanonly?oW radiallyinWardly throughthevanes66.Inanexemplaryembodiment,thevanes 45 66may bepositionedrelativetooneanothersothatapreload is present to bias the vanes 66 against adjacent ones of the vanes 66, that is,to force the vanes 66 to be closed When no ?uidpressureisapplied. Inanexemplaryembodiment,insteadof,orinadditionto 50 the elastomeric mounting arrangement shoWn in FIGS. 8 and 9,eachradialout?oW noZZlevane 72 iscompliantlymounted andthuspivotableaboutaverticalaxisthatisgenerallypar allel to the vertically-extending center axis 25 in a manner generallyinaccordanceWiththeforegoingandshoWnin55 FIGS. 10 and 11, that is,With torsion springs, bearing assem blies,andshoulderscreWs.When nomotive?uidisapplied, thenoZZlevane72isinafullyclosedpositionWiththetail72b contacting the head 72a of the adjacent vane 72; as a result, motive?uidsuchasaircanonly?oWradiallyoutWardly60 through the vanes 72. Inaddition,stopribs69may bedisposedradiallybetWeen the radial in?oW noZZle vanes 66 and the radial in?oW turbine buckets58,andarecircumferentiallyspacedabouttheverti cally-extendingcenteraxis25(FIGS.1and6).Eachstoprib65 69 extends from the underside 34 of the shroud 17 and to the annularmember 36.ItWillbeappreciatedthatthestopribs69 10 may also be present in the embodiment shoWn in and described above With reference to FIGS. 1-9. Furthermore, stop ribs (not shoWn) that are similarto the stop ribs 69 may be disposed radially betWeen the radial out?oW noZZle vanes 72 and the radial out?oW turbine buckets 60, and may be circumferentiallyspacedaboutthevertically-extendingcen ter axis 25. Each of these stop ribs extends from the annular base 42 and to the ring 70. In several exemplary embodi ments, the vanes 66 pivot to a fully-open position, that is, a positioninWhichtherespectivetails66bofthevanes66 contactrespectivestopribs69(oneofWhichisshoWninFIG. 10) and thus the vanes 66 are prevented from pivoting any further in a clockWise direction, as vieWed in FIG. 7. The stop ribs69arepositionedcircumferentiallyWithrespecttonoZZle vanes 66 suchthatthecenterofpressureoftheair?oW over the noZZle vanes 66 goes through the stop ribs 69. After the vanes66make contactWiththestopribs69,theair?oW only applies a direct force against each stop rib 69 and no longer impartsamoment orrotationtorqueaboutthepinsenclosed bythehead66atothenoZZlevanes66. In several exemplary embodiments, instead of, or in addi tiontotheelastomericmountingarrangementshoWninFIGS. 8and9and/orthemechanicalmountingarrangementshoWn in FIGS. 10 and 11, the radial in?oW noZZle vanes 66 and/or theradialout?oWnoZZlevanes72maybecompliantly mountedandthuspivotableviaothermountingarrangements havingotherstructuresuchas,forexample,onepininsteadof tWopins,threeormorepinsinsteadoftWopins,springs,pivot bearings, hydraulic dampers, and/or any combination thereof,and/orviaactivenoZZlerotationsystemsincluding active valves and/or position sensors and controls, all of Whichmaybeatleastpartiallyenclosedbythematerialofthe respective heads 66a and 72a for protection from the sur rounding environment. In an exemplary embodiment, the radialin?oWnoZZlevanes66and/ortheradialout?oWnoZZle vanes72may becomposedentirelyofa?exiblematerialsuch as an elastomer. In an exemplary embodiment, the radial in?oW noZZle vanes 66 and/or the radial out?oW noZZle vanes 72may becomposedentirelyofa?exiblematerialsuchasan elastomer,andtheheads66aand72athereofmayberigidly mounted With the tails 66b and 72b thereof being ?exible enough to open and/or close. In an exemplary embodiment, the pin 76a extends through a through-bore formed in the head 72a so that the vane 72 is pivotably mounted on the pin 76a,andthepin76bextendsthroughathrough-boreformed in the head 72a that is oversiZed relative to the pin 76b so that the oversiZed through-bore provides a pivot stop and thus de?nes the pivot range of the vane 72. In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 12, a methodofrotatingashaftisgenerallyreferredtobythe reference numeral 90 and includes draWing a motive ?uid througha?rstradialpassageina?rstradialdirectionandinto aWavechamber,asat92;causingthemotive?uidto?oW out oftheWave chamberandthroughasecondradialpassageina secondradialdirectionthatisoppositetothe?rstradial direction,asat94;androtatingtheshaftinresponsetodraW ingthemotive?uidthroughthe?rstradialpassageinthe?rst radial direction and into the Wave chamber and causing the motive?uidto?oW outoftheWave chamberandthroughthe secondradialpassageinthesecondradialdirection,asat96. In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 13, a method of rotating a shaft is generally referred to by the reference numeral 98 and includes causing a motive ?uid to ?oWbetWeenaWavechamberandaradial?oWturbineina ?rstdirection,asat100;causingthemotive?uidto?oW betWeen the Wave chamber and the radial ?oW turbine in a second direction that is opposite to the ?rst direction, as at US 8,286,425B2 30PDF Image | ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM WITH DUPLEX RADIAL FLOW TURBINE
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