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US 2013/0033044A1 Feb.7,2013 a function, or the like. It is also to be understood that a componentmay belocalizedonasingledeviceordistributed across several devices. [0017] WithreferencenoWtoFin.1,aschematicdiagram ofanexemplarysupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergeneration system 100 is illustrated. Supercritical Brayton cycle poWer generationsystems,generally,offerapromisingapproachto achieving higher ef?ciency and more cost effective poWer conversion than existing steam driven poWer plants. In an example, a supercritical CO2 poWer cycle (SCO2) can be leveragedinasupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergeneration systemtoachieverelativelyhighe?icienciesacrossarangeof heat source temperatures that may be provided by nuclear, fossil, solar, or geothermal heat sources. Furthermore, a supercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergenerationsystemWill have high poWer density and be very compact relative to existingsteamsystems. [0018] AsupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergenerationsys tem is a poWer conversion system that uses a single-phase ?uid operating near the critical temperature and pressure of the?uid.HeatrejectioninasupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWer generation system generally occurs When ?uid conditions are near the critical temperature and pressure of the ?uid. In general, the highest cycle e?iciencies occur When the tem perature of the ?uid at an inlet of a primary compressor of suchagenerationsystemisverynearthecriticaltemperature and pressure of the ?uid. [0019] ThesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergeneration system 100 comprises a heat source 102 that includes an inlet port and an outletport (not shoWn). The heat source 102 may be any suitable heat source, including but not limited to a fossil fuel heat source, a nuclear heat source, a geothermal heat source, or the like. The heat source 102 is con?gured to provide thermal energy (heat) to a single-phase ?uid that ?oWs through the system 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the?uidinthesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergeneration system 100 may include CO2. With more particularity, the ?uidinthesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergenerationsys tem 100 may be a mixture of CO2 and at least one other additive, Which may be an Alkane, Neon, Nitrogen, Helium, etc. The mixture can be selected to cause the critical tempera ture of the ?uid to be at a desired temperature, Which can be selected based at least in part upon a sensed environmental conditionpertainingtothesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWer generation system 100. The sensed environmental condition may be ambient temperature surrounding the system 100, day/nightcycledata(temperaturerange)correspondingtothe system100,seasonaltemperaturescorrespondingtothesys tem 100, humidity proximate to the system 100, barometric pressure in the environment of the system 100, etc. [0020] The system 100 further comprises a turbine 104, Wherein the turbine 104 includes an inlet port and an outlet port(notshoWn).Firstpiping106couplestheheatsource102 totheinletportoftheturbine104,suchthatthe?uid,expand ingduetothethermalenergyprovidedbytheheatsource102, drives the turbine 104. Pursuant to an example, the piping in thesystem100may becomposedofanysuitablematerialthat cantransport?uidatrelativelyhightemperatures,including stainlesssteel,castiron,orthelike.The?uidinthe?rstpiping 106 is at relatively high temperature and pressure, Which causes the turbine 104 to rotate relatively rapidly. [0021] The?uidexitingtheturbine104attheoutletport remains at a high temperature but has a loWer pressure than the ?uid received at the inlet of the turbine 104 The system 100 further comprises an alternator 108 that is coupled to the turbine104byWay ofashaft110.Rotationoftheshaft110 causes the alternator 108 to generate electric poWer. [0022] ThesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergeneration system 100 further comprises a main compressor 112, Which receives the ?uid atan inletport (not shoWn) (afterheat from the ?uid has been rejected) and compresses such ?uid. Sec ond piping 114 is con?gured to couple the outlet port of the turbine 104 With the inlet port of the main compressor 112, such that the ?uid is directed from the turbine 104 to the main compressor 112. The compressed, cooled ?uid exits the main compressor112byWay ofanoutletport(notshoWn).Third piping116couplestheoutletportofthemaincompressor112 With the inlet port of the heat source 102, such that the ?uid is directedfromthemaincompressor112totheheatsource 102. [0023] Thesystem100additionallycomprisesaheatrejec tor 118 that rejects heat near the critical temperature of the ?uid. In an example, “near the critical temperature of the ?uid”canbeWithin1% ofthecriticaltemperatureofthe?uid, Within5% ofthecriticaltemperatureofthe?uid,orWithin 10% of the critical temperature of the ?uid. In another example, “near the critical temperature of the ?uid” can be WithinonedegreeK ofthecriticaltemperatureofthe?uid, Within5degreesK ofthecriticaltemperatureofthe?uid,or Within10degreesK ofthecriticaltemperatureofthe?uid. Theheatrejector118may beanysuitableheatrejector,such as a liquid-cooling system, a dry cooling system, or the like. [0024] ThesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergeneration system 100 may optionally include a recompressor 120, Whichreceives?uid(stilatrelativelyhightemperatures)that hasbeenoutputbytheturbine104.Fourthpiping122couples the second piping 114 With an inlet port of the recompressor 120,Whichrecompressessuch?uid.Fifthpiping124couples an outlet port of the recompressor 120 With the third piping 116 (Which includes ?uid compressed by the main compres sor 112). The ?uid then travels by Way ofthe thirdpiping 116 to the inlet port of the heat source 102. [0025] Thesystem100alsoincludesaloWtemperature recuperator126andahightemperaturerecuperator128.The loW temperature recuperator 126 is con?gured to exchange heat betWeen the ?uid in the third piping 116 and the ?uid in the second piping 114. In other Words, the loW temperature recuperator126iscon?guredtotransferheatfromthe?uidin the second piping 114 to the ?uid output by the main com pressor 112 in the third piping 116, thereby increasing the temperature of the ?uid in the third piping 116. The high temperaturerecuperator128transfersheatfrom?uiddirectly outputbytheturbine104Withthe?uidoutputbythecombi nation of the main compressor 112 and the recompressor 120 (inthethirdpiping116).Again,thiscausesthetemperatureof the?uidinthethirdpiping116tobefurtherincreasedpriorto being received at the heat source 102, thereby reducing an amount of energy utiliZed by the heat source 102 to cause the temperature of the ?uid to be suitable for provision to the turbine 104. [0026] E?iciencyofthesystem100canberelativelyhigh comparedtootherpoWergenerationsystems,Whichisbased at least in part upon the loW amount of Work required of the main compressor 112 due to the high density of the super critical ?uid near its critical temperature. Further, heat rejec tionisalsonearlyisothermalnearthecriticalpoint,Which also further increases e?iciency. The re-compression cycle may be desirably employed, as such cycle can account forthePDF Image | ENHANCING POWER CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR A Supercritical Brayton
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