PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
US 2013/0033044A1 Feb.7,2013 pressure dependence of heat capacity, and thus permits the temperatureriseinthehighpressurelegoftherecuperators (inthethirdpiping116)toequalthetemperaturedropinthe loW pressure leg (the second piping 114). This alloWs the cycle to have very large amounts of recuperation Which causes the heat addition to be more isothermal and further increasese?iciency.There-compressioncyclesalsoavoidsa “pinch”pointinthecoldsideoftherecuperators,becausethe higherheatcapacityofthehighpressuresupercritical?uid reduces the magnitude of the temperature rise along the lengthoftherecuperator.A “pinch”intherecuperatorresults in no temperature difference betWeen the hot and cold legs of the recuperator over some region of the recuperator. When thishappens,noheattransferoccurs,makingtherecuperator ineffectiveintransferringheat. [0027] Asdescribedabove,themixtureofthe?uidutiliZed inthesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergenerationsystem 100 may include CO2, as the critical temperature of CO2 is near 305 K (88 F), Which is a good temperature for heat rejectionovermost oftheplanet.The criticalpressureisnear 1070 psia. At this pressure the ?uid density is very high (approximately60% thedensityofWater)attheinletportof themaincompressor112.The?uiddensityattheinletportof theturbine104isnear20% thedensityofWater,andnear10% thedensityofWaterattheoutletportoftheturbine104.Thus, inessence,thesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergeneration system 100 operates at very high ?uid densities (Water-like densities), Which makes the poWer generation system very compact. The poWer system is simple because the ?uid is singlephase.Additionally,CO2isinexpensiveandiscompat ible With stainless steels and nickel alloys up to 650-750 C. It is to be understood that other chemical elements or com pounds may be the primary compound in the system 100; hoWever, because each ?uid has itsoWn unique criticaltem perature and pressure the heat rejection system must be capable of operating at this temperature. For example, Hex ane has a critical temperature near 500 K, ideally meaning thattheheatrejectiontemperatureofthecycleWouldbenear 500 K, Which is an ideal ?uid for operating With dry cooling (noWaterisusedintheultimateheatrejectionprocess). [0028] Asdescribedabove,ef?ciencyofthesystem100 improves as the temperature that heat is rejected by the heat rejector 118 approaches the critical temperature of the oper ating ?uid of the system. In some environments (e.g., based on ambient temperatures surrounding the system 100), the critical temperature of CO2 may be higher or loWer than optimal.Forinstance,inacoolerclimateitmay bedesirable for heat rejection to occur at temperatures loWer than the critical temperature of CO2. Accordingly, mixtures of CO2 and other ?uids can be used to adjust the effective critical temperatureofthe?uideitherhigherorloWer,dependingon environmentalconditions.Theadjustmentofthecomposition of the ?uid can be undertaken dynamically, such that the system 100 operates atpeak e?iciencies as ambient tempera ture alters (e.g., from day to night, from season to season). A suitablerefrigerantcanbemixedWithCO2 tocausetheeffec tivetemperatureofthe?uidtobeloWerthanthatofCO2.In an example, the refrigerant may be an Alkane, such as Hex ane,Methane,Butane,Propane,Ethane,Isobutane,Pentane, or the like. In another example, the refrigerant may be an element such as Neon or Helium. Pursuant to an example, the mixturemay includelessthan15% refrigerantbymolarcon centration but more than 10% refrigerant by molar concen tration.Inanotherexample,themixturemay includelessthan 10% refrigerant by molar concentration but more than 5% refrigerant by molar concentration. In stil yet another example,themixturemay includelessthan5% refrigerantby molar concentration. Alternatively, an element or compound canbeaddedtoCO2 toraisethecriticaltemperatureofthe mixture above that of pure CO2. This modi?cation of the criticaltemperatureofthe?uidalloWstheheatrejector118to reject heat at loWer or higher temperatures depending upon Weather conditions. For instance, the heat rejector 118 can reject heat at loWer temperatures during Winter or at night When the environmental conditions can alloW for more cool ing. Furthermore, for mixtures that include no chlorine or ?uorineintheadditive,suchasAlkanes,themixtureincludes non-acidic forming compounds in the presence of impurities suchasWater.Inthiscase,legacysupercriticalsystemscanbe usedprovidedproperdesignalloWancesWereincludedinthe originaldesign. [0029] Selectionofcompoundstoincludeinthe?uidmix turecandependuponanumber ofconditions,includingcom patibilityofthe?uidmixtureWithothermaterialsthatmay be exposedtothe?uid.ForpoWergenerationsystemssuchasthe system 100, these materials can include non-metallic materi als used for electrical Wiring insulators, seals, O-rings, and valves.Thecompositionofthe?uidmixturecanalsotakeinto accounttheabilityofthe?uidtonotdecomposeuponheating or form corrosive compounds With trace contaminants of Water, oxygen, and other impurities Within the system 100, such as When the Alkanes are used as the additive mixtures. [0030] Inoperation,thesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWer generation system 100 may be employed in a variety of set tings. For instance, the supercritical Brayton cycle poWer generation system 100 may be utiliZed in a poWer plant. Additionallyoralternatively,thesupercriticalBraytoncycle poWer generation system 100 may be employed as a heat transfersystemforbothheatingandrefrigerationtotempera tures Well beloW the temperature of freeZing point of Water. Therefore,forexample,thesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWer generation system 100 may be utiliZed to provide electric poWertoresidences,toanenterprise,orthelike.Furthermore, thesupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergenerationsystem100 may be employed to provide electric poWer to one or more mobile vehicles such as a ship, an aircraft carrier, a subma rine,alargeairplane,orthelike. [0031] WithreferencenoWtoFIG.2,aschematicdiagram ofanotherexemplarysupercriticalBraytoncyclepoWergen eration system 200 is illustrated. Pursuant to an example, the system 200 can be particularly Well-suited for relatively loW temperatureheatsourcesincludinggeothermalheatsources. Thus, the system 200 can include a heat source 202, Which maybeageothermalheatsource.A pluralityofheaters204 208 receives ?uid heated by the heat source 202 and further heatsthe?uid(Whichmay beCO2 Withanadditivetocause the critical temperature of the ?uid to be at a desired critical temperature).Theheaters204-208receivethe?uidfrom?rst piping210.A pump 211 circulatesthe?uidthroughtheheat source 202 and the heaters 204-208. [0032] Thesystem200furtherincludesapluralityoftur bines 212-216 that receive ?uid exiting the heaters 204-208, respectively, by Way of piping 218-222, respectively. Fluid exiting the ?rst turbine 212 is provided to the second heater 206byWay ofpiping224,Whichinturndirectsheated?uidto thesecondturbine214,the?rstheater204,and/orbacktothe heat source 202. Fluid exiting the second turbine 214 is pro vided to the third heater 208 by Way of piping 226, WhichPDF Image | ENHANCING POWER CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR A Supercritical Brayton
PDF Search Title:
ENHANCING POWER CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR A Supercritical BraytonOriginal File Name Searched:
US20130033044.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)