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US 2010/0101978A1 Apr.29,2010 cavitationdeviceWithUV lightirradiationandcatalysis usingthemetalionsnaturallypresentinoil; [0043] (7)toprovideamethodformanipulatingoil, comprisingsubjectingoiltoamulti-stage,?oW-through hydrodynamic cavitation process and continuing the repeated application of said cavitation for a time su?i cient to produce product With improved viscosity and API gravity; [0044] (8)toprovideamethodWhereintheapplication ofamulti-stage,?oW-throughhydrodynamiccavitation process is optimiZed to selectively modify oil constitu entsandproduceneWcompoundsviaaffectingcovalent, ionic,hydrogenand/orotherbonds; [0045] (9)toprovideamethod,Whereincavitationis carried out in a closed system ?lled With oZone, nitro gen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen or other gas or a mixture thereof; [0046] (10)toprovideamethod,Whereinsoundirradia tion is applied by at least one source before or after the ?oW-through hydrodynamic cavitation to improve the potencyoftreatment; [0047] (ll)toprovideamethod,Whereintheapplication of a ?oW-through hydrodynamic cavitation is used to destroy or sloW doWn groWth of yeast and bacteria presentinoilandfuel; [0048] (12)toprovideamethod,WhereintWoormore multi-stage, ?oW-through hydrodynamic cavitation reactors are employed; [0049] (l3)toprovideamethod,Whereinthemulti-stage ?oW-through hydrodynamic cavitation is applied to oil at ambient temperatures, or to heated or cooled oil. [0050] Otherfeaturesandadvantagesofthepresentinven tion Will become apparent from the folloWing more detailed description, taken in conjunction With the accompanying draWings,Whichilustrate,byWayofexample,theprinciples oftheinvention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0051] TheaccompanyingdraWingsillustratetheinven tion.InsuchdraWings: [0052] FIG.1isadiagramdepictingapreferredembodi ment of the inventive multi-stage cavitation device; [0053] FIG.2isacross-sectionalvieWofthemulti-stage cavitation device taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1; [0054] FIG.3isacross-sectionalvieWofthefrontendof theWorkingchamberofthecavitationsystemtakenalongline 3-3 in FIG. 2; [0055] FIG.4isacross-sectionalvieWofthevortexele ment taken along lines 4-4 in FIG. 2; [0056] FIG.5isacross-sectionalvieWofoneembodiment of a channel in a multi-jet noZZle; [0057] FIG.6isacross-sectionalvieWofanalternative embodiment of a channel in a multi-jet noZZle; [0058] FIG.7isatablecomparingthebrominenumbersof a heavy oil both untreated and subjected to tWo different cavitationprocessesaccordingtotheclaimedinvention; [0059] FIG.8isagraphplottingtheamountboiledoff against temperature of a heavy oil both untreated and after subjected to a cavitation process according to the claimed invention; [0060] FIG.9isatablelistingselectedparametersofa heavy oil untreated and subjected to cavitation processes accordingtotheclaimedinvention; [0061] FIG.10depictsthreeopticalmicroscopeimages shoWing oil untreated and subjected to cavitation processes accordingtotheclaimedinvention; [0062] FIG.11isaperspectivevieWanotherpreferred embodiment of the inventive multi-stage cavitation device. [0063] FIG.12isacross-sectionalvieWtakenalongline 12-12 ofFIG. 11. [0064] FIG.13isacross-sectionalvieWoftheturbuliZer disk taken along line 13-13 of FIG. 12. [0065] FIG.14isacross-sectionalvieWoftheradialmulti jet noZZle taken along lines 14-14 of FIG. 12. [0066] FIG.15isacross-sectionalvieWofthecylindrical body taken along lines 15-15 of FIG. 12. [0067] FIG.16isasidevieWofthecylindricalbody. [0068] FIG.17isaclose-upvieWofthefrontinteriorWork ing chamber and toroidal vortex chamber illustrating ?uid ?oW. [0069] FIG.18isaclose-upvieWofthebackinteriorWork ing chamber and toroidal vortex chamber illustrating ?uid ?oW. [0070] FIG.19isacross-sectionalvieWofvariousformsof thehemi-sphericalbody. [0071] FIG.20isacross-sectionalvieWofanotherpre ferredembodimentofthemulti-stage?oW-throughhydrody namic cavitationdevice. [0072] FIG.21isacross-sectionalvieWtakenalongline 21-21 ofFIG. 20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0073] WithreferencetotheattacheddraWings,amethod and device for application of pressure, heat and vigorous mixing to generate changes in oil resembling cracking are disclosed. The method and device include utiliZation of a ?oW-throughhydrodynamiccavitationtopromotemolecular rearrangementsofthecomponentsandchangeheterogeneity and rheological parameters, Which occurs in a short time and resultsinupgradedproducts. [0074] Theinventionprovidesaprocessforthealteration of complex mixtures of hydrocarbons to produce rapidly stableimprovedproductsWithgreatere?iciencyandsimplic itythanconventionalmethods.Althoughthisdescriptioncon tainsmuch speci?city,theseshouldnotbeconstruedaslim iting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrationsofsome ofthepresentlypreferredembodiments ofthepresentinventionofferingmany potentialusesforthe productsofthepresentinvention.Many otherembodiments ofthepresentinventionarepossible. [0075] Oilisde?nedasanaturallyoccurringmixtureof hydrocarbons With different molecular Weights and struc tures. It is the most important non-reneWable energy source. Most oils, unless especially treated, also contain dissolved and entrapped gases, impurities, hetero-organics, traces of metalsandmicroorganisms.As discussedabove,theconven tional cracking processes and re?ning are expensive and energy consuming and are not suitable for non-conventional oilWithoutitspreliminaryupgrading. [0076] Thepresentinventionusesenergyreleasedduring the cavitation bubble implosion to alter naturally occurring hydrocarbons in conventional oil, its fractions and non-con ventionaloil.Hydrodynamiccavitationinvolvesthephenom enonofvaporbubbleformationinthe?uid?oWexperiencing reduced pressure, Which is folloWed by bubble collapse in a restored pressure Zone doWnstream.PDF Image | FLOW THROUGH CAVITATION ASSISTED
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