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US 2012/0117979 A1 May 17,2012 [0017] TheTsujikaWasystemlayoutisshowninFIG.4;he [0025] TheadvantagesofthepoWersavingsandthecarbon showeda65% ef?ciencyreachableeitherWithaSOFC ora dioxideseparation,althoughreduced,aremaintainedincase MCFC. Itisimportanttostressthatasinthemostcommon thatthecombustionisdoneWithairinsteadofpureoxygen,as pressurizedfullyintegratedsystem(FIG.1),intheTsujikaWa combustionconcernsonlyasmallpartofthetotalfuelcon system the anodic and cathodic ?oWs are mixed and the mixturegoesthenintoacombustorintoWhichtheuncon sumed fuel is fully oxidized. Following this, the hot gases including both the anodic and cathodic ?oWs expand in the turbine. In the TsujikaWa con?guration, Waste gases are ejectedafterbeingcooledandrecompressedtoatmospheric pressureWiththecompressor. [0018] Summarizing,theresearchinthelastyearsfully othercomplementarycycles,canbeusedtosupplyheattothe demonstratesthepotentialofthefuelcell-gasturbinehybrid system.HoWeverlimitsofthistechnologyarealsoclear:to reachahighef?ciencyitisnecessarytofullyintegratethetWo poWer generation systems Which is dif?cult as operating the fuel cell under pressurized conditions creates neW technical dif?culties. [0019] TheInvertedBrayton-Joulebasedproposalspar tially solve the problems. In fact With these systems it is possibletooperatethefuelcellunderatmosphericconditions and to fully integrate the gas turbine. HoWever the limit of these solutions is a loWer system ef?ciency With regard to a pressurizedsystem. INVENTION DESCRIPTION [0020] The present invention offers several advantages With respect to the state of the art, in particular: the system ef?ciency is substantially increased, the fuel cel operates closeorunderatmosphericconditionsandthecarbondioxide isseparated.One embodiment oftheinventionispresentedin FIG. 5. [0021] InBrayton-JouleCycles(traditionalorinverted), the compressor uses a large part of the turbine poWer (typi cally over the 60%). The neW proposal Hybrid Cycle, based on a fuel cell operating at or close to atmospheric pressure coupled With a gas turbine driven in an Inverted Brayton JouleCycle,enablestoreducesubstantiallytheturbinepoWer usedbythecompressor. [0022] Theideaistocapitalizeontheintrinsicoxygen nitrogenseparationcharacteristicofthefuelcellelectrolyte bysendingtotheInvertedBrayton-JouleCycleonlytheHow from the anode, Which is free of nitrogen. After the combus tion,iftheremainingfuel(notutilizedinthefuelcel,typi cally 15 to 25%) is oxidized using pure oxygen, the anodic ?oW consistsonlyofcarbondioxideandWater.TheWatercan easily be condensed and separated in the cooling process betWeen the turbine and the compressor. The latter mainly compresses carbon dioxide Whereas the Water is pumped up separately. As gas compression is much more demanding in terms of mechanic poWer than liquid pumping, the reduced gas?oW leadstosigni?cantsavingsofpoWerWithrespectto traditionalsystems. [0023] Tobene?tasmuchaspossiblefromthisgain, supplementaryWaterispreferablyinjectedintheanodic?oW either in the combustor and/or in the fuel processing unit and/orelseWherebeforetheturbineinlet.As aconsequence, theanodic?oW steaminjectionrateisoptimizedandusually increasedcomparedtothestandardhybridfuelcell-gastur binesystem. [0024] An additionaladvantageofthepresentinventionis that the carbon dioxide can be separated for other uses of storage and can be compressed to a compatible state for transportationandsequestration. fuel processing unit, and/or to produce steam injected in the combustor, and/or to gasi?cation units and/or to other complementary cycles (e.g. Rankine Cycle, ORC-ORC cycle),and/orforcogenerationpurposes. Summarizing, the Main Advantages Related to the Present Invention Are: [0027] Increasedsysteme?iciency,duetothefactthat thesteamexpandedintheturbineisthencondensedand recompressed by a pump and not by the compressor. Therefore the compressor’s poWer is substantially decreased Whereas the turbine’s poWer remains con stant. [0028] Thesystemenablescarbondioxideseparation. [0029] PossibilitytooperatetheFuelCellatorcloseto atmosphericpressure. [0030] Highercombustionef?ciencyduetooptimiza tionoftheFueliOxygen ratio. [0031] Larger volume How in small to medium size dynamic compressor and turbine that make easier high ef?ciencyturbomachinerydesign. [0032] Hereafter are presented some extensions at the abovepresentedinnovation. Extension 1 [0033] AsystemaccordingWiththeabovedescribedinven tioninWhichthesupplementarysteaminjectedintheanodic How isgeneratedathighpressureandisexpandedinaturbine beforetobeinjectedintheanodic?oW (FIG.6).The steam turbine represents an additional electric output. Extension 2 [0034] AsystemaccordingWiththeabovedescribedinven tion in Which the How coming out the fuel cell cathode is driven in a gas turbine based on an Inverted Brayton-Joule Cycle (FIG. 7). The cathodic ?oW coming out the fuel cell cathodecanexchangeheatWiththeheatexchangernetWork beforetoexpandinaturbinebeloWtheatmosphericpressure, then is cooled doWn and recompressed to the atmospheric pressure. The gas turbine represents an additional electric output. [0035] TheExtension2canbecombinedWiththeExten sion 1. Extension 3 [0036] AsystemaccordingWiththeabovedescribedinven tion in Which the cathodic ?oW coming out the fuel cell is expandedbeloWtheatmosphericpressureinaturbine,thanit iscooled doWn and ismixed up With the anodic ?oW coming outtheseparatorbeforethecompressorinlet.Thecompressor compressesthemixturebetWeencathodicandtheanodic?oW ver‘tedinthesystem. [0026] Alltheheatexchangersrequiredbythesystemcan be organized in one or more heat exchange netWorks. The energy recovered by cooling doWn the cathodic ?oW, and/or thefuelcell,and/orthecombustor, and/ortheHow coming out the turbine before the compressor unit (compressor and pump),and/ortheexhausted?oWs,and/orotherunits,and/orPDF Image | HYBRID CYCLES OF GAS TURBINE WITH CO2 SEPARATION
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