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US 2012/0186219A1 Jul.26,2012 tems by utilizing supercritical CO2 as the Working ?uid. However, the energy production system operates as tWo decoupledopencyclecomponentsinordertoreduceand/or eliminatethecomplexitiesofoperatingasupercriticalclosed loop cycle With a directly coupled high-side and loW-side pressure. The present prior artutiliZes an inventory manage ment system in an attempt to reduce the impact of transients on either the high-side or loW-side on the other. The preferred embodiment isa combined supercritical carbon dioxide ther modynamic poWer generating cycle such that a ?rst carbon dioxidesourceconcurrentlyprovidesthermalenergy(atleast apart)toproducepoWer.TheCO2 sourceispreferablyincor porate into the loW-side using a pressuriZing device. The pressuriZingdeviceiseitheraturbopump orpump When the CO2 isalreadyintheliquidform,oriftheCO2 priorto injection into the loW-side Will be in the liquid form. Alter natively,iftheCO2 Willremaininthevaporform,thepres suriZeddeviceiseitheraturbocompressororcompressor.The particularlypreferredsourceofCO2 isfromaco-locatedor directly integrated biomass to biofuel process. Numerous biomass to biofuel processes, such as fermentation or pyroly sis/gasi?cationyieldC02. The speci?callypreferredbiom asstobiofuelprocessisacatalyticprocessincludingcatalytic processesatastatepointabovethesupercriticaltemperature and pressure of CO2. Combustion of fuels, including com bustion of resulting biofuels or byproducts of the biomass to biofuel process is another source of CO2. Such byproducts includes hydrogen and methane gas. tainable by the direct integration of a C02 sequestration system, as knoWn in the art, such that limited additional capitalequipmentisrequiredtoprovideCO2 tothehybrid ScCO2 poWer generating cycle. This integral capability enables a venting valve (preferably upstream of the carbon dioxidesequestrationsystem)tobeutiliZedtogreatlyreduce the impact of transients on an instantaneous basis, one spe ci?cfeaturethatatraditionalScCO2 cycleisnotcapableof. ThepreferredCO2 sequestrationsystemcapturesatleast1.0 percentofthetopcyclepoWergeneratingBraytoncyclecom bustionexhaust.The combinationoftheaforementionedfea tures and a sophisticated control system regulates the mass ?oW rateoftheloW-sidepressureportionindependentlyof themass ?oW rateofthehigh-sidepressureportion. [0040] Itisunderstoodinthisinventionthatacombination of scenarios can be assembled through the use of Waste heat exchangers,CO2 sources,and?uidvalvessuchthatanyofthe alternate con?gurations can be in parallel enabling the ScCO2 cycle poWer generator to support a Wide range of secondaryprocessesorcycles. [0041] Althoughtheinventionhasbeendescribedindetail With particular reference to certain embodiments detailed herein, other embodiments can achieve the same results. Variations and modi?cations of the present invention Will be obvious to those skilled in the art and the present invention is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modi?ca tionsandequivalents. What isclaimedis: 1.Anenergyproductionsystemoperabletoincrease energy ef?ciency of a combined supercritical carbon dioxide thermodynamic poWer generating cycle and a ?rst carbon dioxide source comprising: a) the ?rst carbon dioxide source operable to provide at least a partial source of carbon dioxide to the supercritical carbon dioxide thermodynamic poWer [0038] YetanotherembodimentisWheretheCO2sourceis a top cycle poWer generating Brayton cycle that concurrently producesWasteheat.ThepreferredintegrationoftheBrayton cycles utiliZes the Waste heat to ?rst to disassociate an organic molecule (e.g., methane, methanol) into syngas and then to quench the syngas that concurrently superheats CO2 Within thehybridScCO2poWergeneratingcycle.TheBraytoncycle generatingcyclethatconcurrentlyprovidesatleastapartof combustorcanconcurrentlyproduceWasteheatforthehybrid ScCO2 poWergeneratingcycleandbeoneoftheCO2 sources through the combustion exhaust. The preferred embodiment utiliZes a slipstream from the combustion exhaust, Which is particularly preferred to be processed to cleanup the CO2 from the other components in the combustion exhaust as knoWn intheart. the thermal energy Which poWers the supercritical carbon dioxide thermodynamic poWer generating cycle; and b) a pressuriZing device operable to increase the pressure of the ?rst carbon dioxide source into the supercritical carbon diox idethermodynamicpoWergeneratingcycle. 2. The energy production system according to claim 1 Whereinthe?rstcarbondioxidesourceisabiomasstobiofuel process. 4. The energy production system according to claim 3 Wherein the ?rst carbon dioxide source is from a top cycle poWergeneratingBraytoncyclethatconcurrentlyproduces Wasteheat,WhereintheBraytoncyclesWasteheatisutiliZed ?rst to disassociate an organic molecule into syngas and second to superheat the second source of carbon dioxide. 5. The energy production system according to claim 4 Wherein the top cycle poWer generating Brayton cycle con sumes a fuel that is a byproduct of the biomass to biofuel [0039] Anotherembodimentincorporatesahighpressure storagetankonthehigh-side,andaloWpressurestoragetank ontheloW-side.ItcanalsoincludeatleastoneCO2 venting device,asknoWn intheart,toatleastoneoftheloWpressure storage tank and/or ambient environment. The net result is a full decoupling of the high-side pressure portion from the loW-side pressure portion such that transients on either the high-side pressure portion or the loW-side pressure portion are asynchronous. The ability to decouple transients by at least 0.1 seconds, preferably 0.5 seconds, particularly pre ferred 5 seconds, and speci?cally preferred for at least 20 secondsissu?icienttimeforvirtuallyallcircumstancesdur ingtheoperationofthehybridScCO2 cyclethroughstart-up, emergency shut-doWn, changes in high-side pressure, changes in loW-side pressure, and also normal CO2 leakage duringnormalequilibriumoperation.Thedecouplingalso process. enablesanindependentmass ?oW rateofthehigh-sidepres sureportionWiththemass ?oW rateoftheloW-sidepressure portion.The differentialofthemass ?oW ratesareby atleast 0.2 percent, preferably at least 0.5 percent, and particularly preferred by at least 1.0 percent. An on-going differential betWeen the high-side and loW-side mass ?oW rates is sus 6. The energy production system according to claim 5 Wherein the byproduct of the biomass to biofuel process includeshydrogenandmethanegas. 7. The energy production system according to claim 1 Wherein the supercritical carbon dioxide thermodynamic poWergeneratingcyclehasahigh-sidepressureandloW-side 3. The energy production system according to claim 2 Wherein the biomass to biofuel process is a catalytic process at a state point above the supercritical temperature and pres sure of carbon dioxide, and Wherein the biomass to biofuel process is a second source of carbon dioxide.PDF Image | HYBRID SUPERCRITICAL POWER CYCLE
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