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US 8,689,536B2 12 ADVANCED LASER IGNITION SYSTEMS FOR GAS TURBINES INCLUDING AIRCRAFT ENGINES BACKGROUND This invention relates generally to ignition systems for internal combustion engines. More particularly, this inven tion relates to laser ignition systems and features that opti miZealaserignitionsystemforinternalcombustionengines. Forinternalcombustionengines,fueliscombustedwithan oxidiZer(usuallyair)incombustionchambers.Theresulting high temperature and pressure gases expand and thereby apply forces to movable components of the engines, such as turbine blades to drive the turbine. Combustion can be inter mittent (as for example, in automotive applications) or con tinuous(asforexample,ingasturbinesandjetengines). In a conventional ignition apparatus for internal combus tionengines,ahighvoltageisappliedtoanignitionplugthat is flxed on a wall surface of the combustion chamber in order to ignite an air-fuel mixture by spark discharge. However, in an ignition apparatus of this kind, since the ignition plug is exposeddirectlytothecombustionchamber,carbonattaches totheignitionplugtorenderthedischargeoftheignitionplug 25 difflcult. Furthermore, due to a heat loss of the electrodes of theignitionplug,atorchornucleusofflamegeneratedbythe discharge is cooled, and vanishes before reaching a flame. Additionally, since the ignition occurs on or very near the wall surface,poormixingoftenresultsduetothedifflcultiesasso 30 ciated with burning fuel from the wall surface. Enginesthatusecombustiblefuelsuchas,forexample,gas turbine engines and other internal combustion engines include combustion areas such as, for example, combustors or cylinderandpistonassembliesthatfacilitatetheconversion35 of energy from combustion into mechanical energy. Fuel noZZles are used to introduce atomiZed fuel into the combus tion areas. The atomiZed fuel is ignited by an igniter. Igniters may include, for example, electrical igniters that create a sparkproximatetotheatomiZedfuel,heatingelementsthat40 introduceheattotheatomiZedfuel,andignitersthatintroduce a flame in the combustion area. In an attempt to enhance mixingandflamestabilization,optimiZingthislaserassisted atomiZationandpre-ionizationbythelaserlightisdesired. Inaddition,inconventionaldiagnosticssystemforinternal 45 combustion engines, optical measurements of flame chemi luminescent light emissions are routinely used in premixed gas combustors to determine various parameters such as energy or heat release rates and fuel-to-air ratios in such combustors.Placingwavelengthfltersinfrontofoptical50 detectorsistypicallyusedtoidentifythepartialcontribution ofthetotallightemissionfromeachofspeciflcexcited-state systeminaccordancewithanotherembodiment; species. Ratios ofthe signals of one or more of these species can then be correlated in a known manner to various combus torparameterssuchasthefuel-to-airratio,heatreleaserate 55 and gas temperature. Previous applications of this measure menttechniquehaveusedsimpleopticalsensorarrangements and camera systems. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordancewithanotherembodiment; FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordancewithanotherembodiment; FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordancewithanotherembodiment; Typically,theignitionapparatusandthediagnosticsappa FIG.12isagraphicaldiagramofanoptimiZedpulseshape ratusareformedasseparatesystemsthatutiliZeseparateand 60 discrete components within a combustion engine. However, resultscanbeimprovedbyprovidingforoptimiZedignition conflgurationsanddiagnosticsusingopticaltechniquesin each combustor can. ofthelaserignitionsysteminaccordancewithanembodi ment; FIG. 13 is a graphical diagram of an optimiZed pulse train forenhancedenergytransferofthelaserignitionsystemin accordance with an embodiment; FIG.14isagraphicaldiagramofanoptimiZedspatialpulse shape of the laser ignition system in accordance with an embodiment; Therefore, there is a need for a new and improved opti miZed ignition system and method for internal combustion enginesinwhichanoptimiZedlaserignitionisprovidedinan 65 attempt to enhance mixing and flame stabilization in combi nationwithanintegrateddiagnosticsapparatus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION A laserignitionsystemforaninternalcombustionengineis provided in accordance with one embodiment of the inven tion. The laser ignition system including at least one laser light source conflgured to generate a laser beam; and an opticalbeamguidancecomponentconflguredtotransmitthe laser beam to irradiate on an oxygenated fuel mixture sup plied into the combustion chamber at a region of highest ignitability to generate a combustor flame in a flame region. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for igniting a fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine. The method including generating at least one laser beam with at least one laser light source; transmitting the at least one laser beam through at least one optical beam guid ance component to focus the at least one laser beam on the fuelmixturesuppliedintoacombustionchamberoftheinter nalcombustionengineataregionofhighestignitability;and ignitingthefuelmixturewiththefocusedlaserbeam togen erate a combustor flame in a flame region. These and other advantages and features will be better understood from the following detailed description of pre ferredembodiments oftheinventionthatisprovidedincon nectionwiththeaccompanyingdrawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent in light of the subsequent detailed description when taken in conjunc tionwiththeaccompanyingdrawingsinwhich: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas turbine including a laser ignition system in accordance with one embodiment; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordancewithoneembodiment; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordance with one embodiment; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordance with one embodiment; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordance with one embodiment; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordance with one embodiment; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a laser ignition system in accordancewithanotherembodiment; FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of a laser ignitionPDF Image | Laser Ignition System
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