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US 2012/0291433A1 Nov.22,2012 (HFC) or hydrocarbons (HC) as the organic Rankine cycle Working ?uid for this loW temperature solar poWer system. [0031] Theseobjectsandfeaturesofthepresentinvention Will be apparent from the detailed description taken With referencetoaccompanyingdrawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0032] FIG.1isaschematicillustrationoftheloWtempera tureorganicRankinecyclesolarpoWersystemincludingthe solarhotWatercollectorsandtheORC poWersystemWiththe loWcriticaltemperatureHFC orHC Working?uid. [0033] FIG.2aisatemperature-entropy(T-S)diagramfor R32, a Working ?uid used in the loW temperature organic Rankine cycle solar poWer system. [0034] FIG.2bisanothertemperature-entropy(T-S)dia gram for R32, a Working ?uid used in the loW temperature organic Rankine cycle solar poWer system for cold climate. [0035] FIG.3isatemperature-latentheatdiagramforR32, asaWorking?uidusedintheloWtemperatureorganicRank ine cycle solar poWer system. [0036] FIG.4isatemperature-saturatedpressurediagram for R32, as a Working ?uid used in the loW temperature organicRankinecyclesolarpoWersystem. [0037] FIG.5isacondensetemperature-ORCsysteme?i ciency diagram for R32, as a Working ?uid used in the loW temperatureorganicRankinecyclesolarpoWersystem. [0038] FIG.6isanevaporationtemperature-ORCsystem e?iciencydiagramforR32,asaWorking?uidusedintheloW temperatureorganicRankinecyclesolarpoWersystem. [0039] FIG.7aisanothertemperature-entropy(T-S)dia gram for R41; a Working ?uid is used in the loW temperature organicRankinecyclesolarpoWersystemforcoldWinterfor coldclimate. [0040] FIG.7bisanothertemperature-entropy(T-S)dia gram for R41, a Working ?uid is used in the loW temperature organic Rankine cycle solar poWer system for super critical aplications. [0041] FIG.8isacondensetemperature-ORCsysteme?i ciency diagram for R41, as a Working ?uid is used in the loW temperatureorganicRankinecyclesolarpoWersystem. [0042] FIG.9isaschematicillustrationoftheloWtempera ture directs heating solar poWer system, including the solar directheatingsystemandtheloWcriticaltemperatureHFC or HC Working?uidORC poWersystem. [0043] FIG.10isavieWofthesolarcollectorutiliZedinthis invention. [0044] FIG.11isadetailedvieWofthemetal-glassevacu atedtubeutiliZedinthisinvention. [0045] FIG.12isadetailedvieWofdirectheatingsolar collector, full vacuum tube With concentric double-pipe col lectorutiliZedinthisinvention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0046] ThepresentinventionutiliZes,insomeforms,the freeandlimitlessenergyofthesuntoproducethermalenergy and electricity. The scale of commercial installations of the present invention can be tailored to the need, ranging from small stand alone systems for residential and small business use to intermediate siZed plants for plant or factory use to massiveassembliesdesigntosupplementthesupplyofelec tricity or to mitigate against ifnot, eliminate an electrical energy crisis, such as the recent one in Japan. The present inventioniseconomicaltoinstallandmaintain,andisreliable andnotmaintenance-intensive,andise?icientandcosteffec tive to operate and does not pollute the environment. [0047] Usingthepresentinvention,businesses,industrial plants,retailando?icebuildings,homes,farmsandvillages canproducetheiroWn electricalpoWer, andavoidoneofthe largecostsofdoingbusinesstoday,theever-escalatingprice of purchased electrical poWer generated from fossil and nuclearfuels. [0048] Thisinventioniscapableofmakingsigni?cantly more energy per square meter than conventional solar tech nologies.Priorart,thesolarthermalcollectorsareincapable of converting the loW temperature solar thermal energy to electricitygeneratingsystems,butinpresentinvention,even the ?at plate solar collectors can be used to convert electrical energy as Well. [0049] Thepresentinventionisabetterchoice,Whichcan be scaled or siZed to independently produce as much electri cal energy as needed on site, such as the energy needed to poWerahome orbusiness,pump Water,irrigatelandandrun remote communication installations. [0050] UnlikecentraliZedformsofpoWergenerations,de centraliZed use of on-site solar obtained electrical poWer needsnofar-?ungdistributionnetWorkofgigantictoWersand highvoltagelines,insteaditutiliZesauniversallyavailable asset,sunshine. [0051] Thecostofthegeneratingequipmentitselfusedin the production of poWer for a building can be amortized over the life of the building, as part of debt ?nancing (mortgage). Amazing, asitmay seem,oneofthelargestandmostuncon trollable costs a building oWner faces is the ever escalating cost of electrical poWer. Using the present invention, one actually has the ability to eliminate the cost of purchased electricalpoWernoW andforyearstocome. [0052] WhenlandandWaterWereplentifulandlaborWas cheap, litleWas knoWn about the delicate balance existing betWeentheenvironmentandtheextraction,burning,Wasting ofnon-reneWablefuels.NoW itisalltooapparentthatour supply of fossil fuels is limited and that these sources are causingdamagetoouratmosphere,Watersupplies,andfood chain damage that is or may soon become irreversible. The costs, too, for fossil fuels to continue upWard as the more accessible fuel deposits are consumed, and as the costs for machinery, labor, and transportation continue to rise around theWorld. [0053] Ironically,thebestansWertotheWorld’sneedfor energy has alWays been the sun. The sun can satisfy a signi? cantpercentageofourenergyrequirementsWhilehelpingus to become independent of the negative aspects inherent in conventionalelectricalpoWergeneration.SWitchingtosolar derived electrical poWer Will reduce the pollution produced by coal, oil and nuclear fuels. ItWill also sloW the use of coal and oil and alloW us to conserve these resources for later and perhapsvaluableuses.HarnessingthesunWillalsoreduce,or eliminate the need for nuclear poWer and mitigate its many risksandproblems. [0054] Eventhoughthesunisjustbeginningtocontribute to satisfying the World’s energy demands on a large scale, direct sunlight has been poWering satellites and spacecraft since 1958. In the 1970’s, the ?rst terrestrially directed sun light photovoltaic devices supplied poWer to locations too remote to have ties to utility lines. Then, as the solar industry developed more e?icient silicon cells and generators, larger grid-connecteddirectsunlightinstallationsbecomemoreand more practical.PDF Image | LOW TEMPERATURE RANKINE CYCLE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM
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