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US 2012/0291433A1 Nov.22,2012 [0055] Thepresentinventionisnotspace-intensive.The oftheselectedWorking?uidshouldbeloWerthantheloWest present invention, in some forms, can be mounted on an existing rooftop so that it essentially takes up no additional spaceatall.Ground-mountedsystemsonapadorsuperim posed above a parking lot are also options as Well. Column mounting is a further option. temperature in the cycle and also has a loW environmental impact. [0062] Conventionally,theorganicRankinecycle(ORC)is a very developed process for conversion loW and medium temperature heat to electricity from a temperature range of 80°C.-352°C.ButthereisnoORC systemforconversion loW temperature heat to electricity from a temperature range of30° C.-80° C. [0056] Variousembodimentsofthepresentinventionmay be used in conjunction With residences, o?ice buildings, manufacturingfacilities,apartmentbuildings,schools,hos pitals,remotecommunications,telemetryfacilities,offshore platforms,Waterpumpingstations,desalinationsystems,dis turehydro?uorocarbons(HFC)orhydrocarbons(HC)Work infection systems, Wildemess camping, headquarters instal lations,remotemedicalfacilities,refrigerationsystemsfarms anddairies,remotevillages,Weatherstations,andaircondi tioningsystems. [0057] Thepresentinventionisalsouseful:in(a)providing catholicprotectionagainstgalvanitecorrosion,(b)storageof electrical energy in batteries, in some circumstances and (c) generationandsaleofelectricitytoutilitycompanies. [0058] A loW temperature organic Rankine cycle solar poWer system is invented by combining loW cost solar hot WatercollectorsWithahighe?iciencyORC system.More speci?cally, instead of custom components and devices that incorporate exotic materials for collecting solar thermal energy, this invention combines high e?iciency and less expensive solar hot Water collectors With a high e?iciency ORC systemtomakethesolarpoWersystemeconomically viable. [0059] Theoretically,differenttypesofsolarcollectors have a signi?cant impact on the e?iciency of an organic Rankine cycle system, and primarily on the operating tem peraturesandpressuresofthecycle.Inthepast,manytypesof solarcollectorshavebeenusedtocollectsolarthermalenergy e?iciently for the solar hot Water system under 60° C. At a temperature over 80° C., Which is the need for this ORC system, only metal-glass evacuated tubes are able to achieve ahighthermale?iciencythan70% andthenmatchthehigh e?iciencyneedoforganicRankinecycle.Insulationtempera ture of metal-glass evacuated tubes even can reach 200° C. from solar, and average heat e?iciency can stilbe more than 50%; even in an environment beloW —50° C. [0060] TypesofWorking?uidsoftheORCsystemalso have a big impact on the e?iciency of an organic Rankine cyclesystemforthevariousthermodynamiccyclesinWhich theturbineoperates.Many typesofWorking?uidshavebeen usedinorganicRankinecycleturbineinthepast,including various refrigerants and hydrocarbons. The selection of the Working?uidWilldependontherangeofsolarheattempera tureandheatsinktemperatureofacondenserinaclosedloop oftheORC system.Inthepresentinvention,theloWcritical temperature hydro?uorocarbons (HFC) or hydrocarbons (HC) are selected as the Working ?uid to be used in the closed loopoftheORC system,WiththeHFC orHC Working?uids criticaltemperatureintherangeof20-100°C.,relatingto solarheattemperaturerangeof40-100°C.,andaheatsink temperature of a condenser ranging from —20 to 20° C. [0061] TheselectionoftheWorking?uidisakeyimpor tance in a loW temperature Rankine cycle system. In order to recover loW-grade solar heat, the Working ?uid must have a loWerboilingtemperature.A ?uidWithaloWlatentheatWill have high e?iciency, as itejects less heat energy to the con denser and thus reduces the required heat, as the results, reduces the cost, for reducing the ?oW rate, the siZe of the solarfacility,andthepumpconsumption.ThefreeZingpoint ing ?uids in the critical temperature range of 20-100° C., as its Working?uidofanORC forloWtemperaturesolarpoWer system.Some suitableloWcriticaltemperaturehydro?uoro carbons(HFC)orhydrocarbons(HC)Working?uidsinclude, but are not necessarily limited to: [0064] R23,Fluoroform(CHF3) [0065] R32,Methylene?uoride(CH2F2) [0066] R41,Methyl?uoride(CH3F) [0067] R116,Per?uoroethane(CF3CF3) [0068] R125,CHF2CF3 [0069] R134a,CH2FCF3 [0070] R143a,CH3CF3 [0071] R152a,CHF2CH3 [0072] R218,Per?uoropropane(CF3CF2CF3) [0073] R227ea,CF3CHFCF3 [0074] R236ea,CF3CHFCHF2 [0075] R236fa,CF3CH2CF3 [0076] RC318,C4F8 [0077] R404A [0078] R407A [0079] R407B [0080] R407C [0081] R407D [0082] R407E [0083] R410A [0084] R410B [0085] R413A [0086] R417A [0087] R419A [0088] R421A [0089] R421B [0090] R422A [0091] R422B [0092] R422C [0093] R422D [0094] R423A [0095] R424A [0096] R425A [0097] R427A [0098] R428A [0099] R507A [0100] R1150,Ethylene(CH2CH2) [0101] R170,Ethane(CH3CH3) [0102] R1270,Propylene(CH3CH2CH2) [0103] R290,Propane(CH3CH2CH3) [0104] Before R245fa have been utiliZed for the loWest temperatureapplicationsofconventionalORC system.The properties comparing of saturated pressure betWeen the loW criticaltemperaturehydro?uorocarbons(HFC)orhydrocar bons (HC) Working ?uids and R245fa is shoWed in table 1. The loW critical temperature hydro?uorocarbons (HFC) or hydrocarbons(HC)Working?uidsORC systemisableto achieve a high ef?ciency even at a very loW temperature [0063] ThepresentinventionusestheloWcriticaltemperaPDF Image | LOW TEMPERATURE RANKINE CYCLE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM
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