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US 7,910,078B2 56 ated,thealkylgroupmay contain1to3doublebonds suitably 1-2 double bonds. Suitably the alkyl group is saturated It is another embodiment of the invention that the amino alcohols ofthe formula Iinclude those inwhich R1 and R2 are linked to form a 5 to 10-membered carbocyclic ring system. Inafurtherembodimentoftheinvention,R1 andR2 arelinked to form a 5 or 6-membered carbocyclic ring system. By “car bocyclic ring system” it is meant a saturated or unsaturated carbon-containingring.When unsaturated,theringmay con tain 1 to 3 double bonds suitably 1-2 double bonds. Suitably theringissaturated. In an embodiment of the present invention, the amino alcoholis4-(diethylamino)-2-butanol. Inanotherembodiment oftheinvention,theamino alcohol is4-(piperidino)-2-butanol. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the amino alcoholis4-propylamino-2-butanol. Inanotherembodiment oftheinvention,theamino alcohol is4-isopropylamino-2-butanol. 20 In stil another embodiment of the invention, the amino alcoholis4-(ethyl-methyl-amino)-2-butanol. It is an embodiment that the liquid absorbent comprises a solvent. Solvents that are suitable for use in the method of the presentinventionincludethosethatsolubiliZetheaminoalco 25 holandthatactasanabsorbentforCO2. Examples ofsuitable solvents include Water, alcohol and combinations thereof. In aparticularembodimentofthepresentinvention,thesolvent isWater, suitably deioniZed Water. In another embodiment of the present invention, the solvent is an alcohol, suitably 30 methanol or ethanol. The term “solubilize” as used herein means that, at the desired concentration, the amino alcohol is substantially soluble in the solvent. The concentration of amino alcohol Willgenerallybeintherangeofabout1mol/Ltoabout1035 mol/L, suitably about 3 mol/L to 5 mol/L. The term “absorbent” as used herein means a liquid in WhichCO2 iscapturedorremovedfromagasstream. The method of the present invention can be carried out in anyconventionalequipmentsfortheremovalofCO2 fromgas streams and the detailed procedures are Well knoWn to those skilled in the art. The method according to the present inven tion can be conveniently carried out in any suitable absorbers or absorption columns/toWers, such as packed, plate or spray toWers.Althoughcertainspeci?cconditionsmay favourone type of absorber over another, these absorbers are inter changeable to a considerable extent. In addition to the above indicated conventional absorbers, specialiZed absorption toWers are also available to meet speci?c process require ments.ThesespecialiZedabsorptiontoWersincludeimpinge ment-plate scrubbers and turbulent contact scrubbers. The absorbers suitable for use With the method of the present inventionmay alsocontainotherperipheralequipmentWhich may enhance the method of the invention. Such peripheral equipmentmay include,forexample,aninletgasseparator,a treated gas coalescor, a solvent ?ash tank, a particulate ?lter andacarbonbedpuri?er.DependingonthesiZeoftheequip ment,theinletgas?oW rateWillvary.The solventcirculation rateWilldependontheamineconcentration,thegas?oW rate, gas composition, total pressure and the speci?cation of the CO2 gas as Would be knoW to those skilled in the art. The absorbers,strippersandperipheralequipmentusefulforcar ryingoutthemethodofthepresentinventionWillbeknoWnto a person skilled in the art. The present invention also includes a C02 absorber, absorption column or absorption toWer comprising a liquid absorbent as de?ned hereinabove. In understanding the scope of the present disclosure, the term “comprising” and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be open ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/orsteps,butdonotexcludethepresenceofotherunstated features,elements,components,groups,integersand/or steps. The foregoing also applies to Words having similar meaningssuchastheterms,“including”,“having”andtheir derivatives. Finally, terms of degree such as “substantially”, “about” and “approximately” as used herein mean a reason ableamountofdeviationofthemodi?edtermsuchthatthe The gas stream may be any gaseous feed for Which itis desirabletoremoveCO2.Inanembodiment,thegaseousfeed 40 iscombustionexhaustgasfrom,forexample,butnotlimited endresultisnotsigni?cantlychanged.Thesetermsofdegree to,?uegasstreamsofcoal?redpoWerplantsandotherpoWer plants, re?neries and cement manufacturers. In an embodi ment of the invention, the gas stream comprises from about 1%toabout100%byvolumeCO2,speci?cally,about5%to 45 about 30% by volume CO2, more speci?cally about 9% to about 15% by volume CO2. In a further embodiment of the invention, the gas stream further comprises oxygen. It is an embodiment of the present invention that the con ditionsforabsorptionofCO2 bytheabsorbentandthereby, 50 removalofCO2 fromthegasstreamcomprisecontactingthe gas stream With the liquid absorbent at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 90° C. and ata pressure ofabout1 to about 120 kPa. Itis a more particular embodiment ofthe present inven tionthattheconditionsforabsorptionofCO2bytheabsor 55 bentandthereby,removalofCO2 fromthegasstreamcom prise contacting the gas stream With the liquid absorbent at a temperature of about 40° C. to about 80° C. and at a pressure of about 15 to about 110 kPa. Optionally, a corrosion inhibitor, an amine aging inhibitor 60 and otheradditivesknoWn intheartmay be includedinthe liquidabsorbent. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprisesreleasingtheabsorbedCO2 fromtheabsorbent.In anembodiment,theCO2 isreleasedbyheatingtheabsorbent, 65 optionallycollectingtheCO2andoptionallyregeneratingthe Wisetoice-Watercoldneatdiethylamine(70mL,0.68mol). absorbent. After addition Was completed in 1 h, the cooling bath Was shouldbe construedasincludingadeviationofatleast15% of the modi?ed term ifthis deviation Would not negate the meaning of the Word itmodi?es. ThefolloWingnon-limitingexamplesareillustrativeofthe invention: J NH 1)0 OH N /\N/\)\ Me 2)NaBH4 ) EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLES Example 1 Synthesis of the amino alcohol 4-(diethylamino)-2-butanol(1) Methyl vinyl ketone (65 mL, 0.71 mol) Was added dropPDF Image | METHOD OF CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM GAS STREAMS
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