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13 With purities of 99.9% Were also used in the evaluation. All thematerialsWereusedWithoutfurtherpuri?cation. (i)GeneralProcedure: The solvent Was fed into the system (FIG. 1) and the gases Were introduced to the process through ?oW meters (Cole Parrner:0.15%/°C.fullscaleaccuracy)atthedesiredpartial pressure.A gasmixturesaturatedWithmoisturecontentinthe saturation cell Was used to maintain the solution concentra tion. The Wetted gas mixture Was then bubbled through the amine test solution and eventually exhausted. The gas Was sent to the condenser before being vented to the fume hood. The process Was operated under atmospheric pressure. To ensure that equilibrium Was reached, the system Was keptinoperationfor8-10hours.Then,theliquidsampleWas takentoanalyZeforCO2 loading.ThepresenceofCO2 Was evaluatedmany times, forWhich the sample Was taken every oneortWohoursuntiltheCO2 loadingWasconstantoruntil tWo consecutive readings shoW only a slight difference (210.05difference).Theoperatingconditionsforthisevalu ation are shoWn in Table 1. 20 TheCO2 loadingforeachliquidsampleWasdeterminedas described hereinbeloW. The sample Was ?rst WithdraWn from thecellusinga2or3mL pipette.Then,excess1.0N HClacid Wasaddedtothe2-3mL sample,andalloftheCO2evolved Wascollectedinagasburetteformeasurement.Theamount 25 ofCO2 ing-molthatWasevolvedWasmeasured.Thesample solutionconcentrationandtheCO2 loadingWeredetermined byusingtheprocedureoutlinedbytheAssociationofOf?cial Analytical Chemists (HorWitZ, W., Association of Of?cial AnalyticalChemists(AOAC)Methods,12”’Edition,George30 Banta, 1975). From these results, the ratio of CO2 to amino alcohol in the liquid phase, as given in Table 2, Was calcu lated. (iv)ResultsandDiscussions Theexperimentalresultsofthesyntheticaminoalcohols 35 (1)to(9)ascomparedtoMEA atvariousconditionsare shoWn in Tables 2 and 3, as Well as in FIGS. 2 to 5, both in termsofCO2 absorptioncapacityandtheeaseofregenera tion.From theexperimentalresults,itcanbe seenthatatloW temperatures,thesyntheticaminoalcohols(1),(3),(4),(8)40 and(9)provideamuchhigherCO2 absorptioncapacitythan MEA. As shoWn in Table 3, the absorption capacity differ ences at 40° C. and 60° C. and 15 kPa and 100 kPa compared WithMEA are30to39%higherforsyntheticaminoalcohol (1),33to42%higherforsyntheticaminoalcohol(3),21to 45 37% higherforsyntheticamino alcohol(4),10to23% higher for synthetic amino alcohol (8), and 14 to 43% higher for synthetic amino alcohol (9). Furthermore, at a higher tem perature80°C.,thesyntheticaminoalcohols(1)and(4)have 14 aslightlyhigherCO2absorptioncapacitythanMEA (ranging from 15to24% and25 to31% higherforsyntheticamino alcohols (1) and (4), respectively) Whereas the synthetic aminoalcohols(8)and(9)haveaslightlyloWerCO2 absorp tioncapacitythanMEA (rangingfrom—3%to5%and—70to —40% loWerforsyntheticaminoalcohols(8)and(9),respec tively). HoWever, synthetic amino alcohol (3) has a higher CO2 absorptioncapacitythanMEA atthishighertempera ture, ranging from 33 to 72% higher. This shoWs a higher cyclic capacity of the synthetic amino alcohols as compared WithMEA andindicatesanadvantagefromthevieWpointof energy ef?ciency in the regeneration of the amines. Com pared With conventional amines, one of the most important featuresofsyntheticaminoalcohols(1),(3),(4),(8)and(9)is thehighabsorptioncapacitythatarisesfromtheuniquerela tive positions of the amino and hydroxyl groups in the mol ecule. This is a desired characteristic. HoWever, itcan be seen fromTable2andFIG.2thatthereisaphaseseparationathigh temperaturesforsyntheticaminoalcohol(1),(4),(5)and(7). Despitethisanomaly,theresultsshoWacycliccapacitythatis by fargreaterthanthatforaqueous MEA. As shoWninTable2,theaminoalcoholsofExamples2,5, 6 and 7 did not function to capture CO2, illustrating the unexpectedandexceptionalpropertiesofaminoalcohols(1), (3),(4),(8)21I1d(9) WhilethepresentinventionhasbeendescribedWithrefer ence to What are presently considered to be the preferred examples, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed examples. To the contrary, the inven tionisintendedtocovervariousmodi?cationsandequivalent arrangements included Within the spirit and scope of the appendedclaims. Allpublications,patentsandpatentapplicationsareherein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent asifeachindividualpublication,patentorpatentapplication Was speci?callyandindividuallyindicatedtobeincorporated byreferenceinitsentirety.Where aterminthepresentappli cation is found to be de?ned differently in a document incor poratedhereinbyreference,thede?nitionprovidedhereinis toserveasthede?nitionfortheterm. TABLE 1 Experimentaloperatingconditionsforsolubilitystudy. US 7,910,078B2 Sample MBA HO/\/NH2 15kPacoiat60°c.2.99 0.490 Condition Comment SolutionConcentration(kmol/m3) Partial Pressure ofCO2 (kPa) Temperature(°C.) TABLE 2 3 15 and 100 40,60and80 SolubilitiesofMBA andthesyntheticaminoalcohols(1)to(9)at conditions close to the absorption and stripping columns. CO2loading at 25° C. (mole Concentrationof CO2/mole Sample(mole/L) amine) 15kPaCO2at40°C. 2.97 0.609 100kPaCO at40°C. 2.97 0.693 100kPaCO2at600C. 2.97 15kPaCO2at80°C. 3.00 100kPaCO2at80°C. 2.97 0.621 0.379 0.586PDF Image | METHOD OF CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM GAS STREAMS
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