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US 8,438,849B2 12 MULTI-LEVELORGANICRANKINECYCLE describedWhichproducespoWerfromanintercoolerofa POWER SYSTEM RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a Continuation-in-Part Application of US. patentapplicationSer.No. 11/736,331 ?ledonApr. 17, 2007, the contents of Which are hereby incorporated in their entirety. BACKGROUND 1.Field 2.Background Signi?cantamountsofWasteheataregeneratedbyaWide 20 variety of industrial and commercial processes and opera tions. Example of sources of Waste heat include heat from spaceheatingassemblies,steamboilers,engines,andcooling systems. In general, Waste heat is discharged into the envi ronment,oroccasionallyusedasaloWgradeheatsourcefor25 spaceheatingandthelike. compressorofagasturbinepoWerunit,seeforexample FIGS.5A, 6,7,8,9and9A oftheabovepatents.Furthermore, inthesepatents,WhileExternallyFiredGasTurbine(EFGT) combined cycle systems are described, combined cycle poWer plant systems are described With include gas turbines that can be directly ?red as Well, see for example FIGS. 8, 9, 9A. EFGT systemshavebeenproposedforuseWithloWcalo ri?c, unclean gaseous fuels as Well as With hot gaseous fuels. Solidfuelsaremore di?iculttoincorporateintoEFGT sys tems because of the problems associated With ash and nox iousgasesproducedduringthecombustionprocess. This disclosure relates generally to the ?eld of poWer gen erationusingWasteheat.Moreparticularly,thedisclosure SUMMARY relatestoasystemandmethodforrecoveringWasteheatfrom a plurality of heat sources having different temperatures for generationofelectricity. In a typical system based on the Waste heat of an internal combustionengineorotherfuel-basedheatsource,theorigi nalsourceofheat(theengine)dischargesheatintheformof ?rstvaporizerreceivinga?rstportionofsaidheatedconden exhaustanddischargesanadditionalamountofheatinthe30 formofmechanicalcooling(enginecooling). One method to generate electricity from the Waste heat of acombustionengineistoapplyabottomingRankinecycle.A RankinecycleenginetypicallyincludesaWater-basedsystem includingaturbogenerator,anevaporator/boilerandacon 35 denser; hoWever, Water based steam Rankine cycles are unat tractive for loW temperature Waste heat systems due to high costandloWef?ciency.TheperformanceofanorganicRank inecycle(ORC)islimitedbyconstraintsoftheWorking?uid circulatedWithintheORC.Anypurechemicalusedasa40 Working ?uid may be optimal for a speci?c limited range of cycle temperatures and pressures. It is therefore di?icult to maximizethepoWeroutputofasingle?uidORC forasystem With Waste heat sources of different temperature levels. The Working?uidisathermodynamicmediumWhichfunctions45 as a Working ?uid in the system. ExternallyFiredGasTurbine(EGFT)/combinedcyclesys tems have been described in the literature for a number of years. Such systems include a compressor for compressing ambientair,anindirectcontactheatexchangerinWhichcom 50 bustible products, e.g., gas and/or fuel vapors, hereinafter referred to as “combustible gases”, are burned to heat the compressedair,andaturbineinWhichtheheatedcompressed airisexpandeddrivingageneratorthatproduceselectricity. Heat contained in the turbine exhaust is used to vaporize 55 Water that is converted into steam in a separate Water-based, closedRankinecyclepoWerplant,thesteambeingexpanded in a steam turbine in the poWer plant for driving a generator thatproducesadditionalelectricity. OrganicRankineCyclepoWerplantshavebeenproposed 60 for operation together With such systems, see for example US. Pat. Nos. 5,687,570, 5,799,490, 6,167,706 and 6,497, 090, the disclosures of Which are hereby incorporated by reference. In these patents, While an Organic Rankine Cycle poWerplantisdescribedWhichproducespoWerasabottom 65 ing cycle to a steam turbine poWer cycle operated by a gas turbine poWer unit, an Organic Rankine cycle is also sateandcon?guredtoreceiveheatfromaloW-temperature heat source, thereby producing loW pressure Working ?uid vapor; and a second vaporizer receiving a second portion of said heated condensate and con?gured to receive heat from a high-temperature heat source, thereby producing said high pressureWorking?uidvapor. Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a WasteheatrecoverysystemutilizingaWorking?uidcompris ing: a high pressure vapor turbine receiving high pressure Working ?uid vapor and producing poWer and loW pressure Working?uidvapor;aloWpressurevaporturbinereceiving said loW pressure Working ?uid vapor and producing poWer and expanded Working ?uid vapor; a recuperator receiving said expanded Working ?uid vapor and producing heat-de pletedexpandedWorking?uidvapor;acondenserreceiving saidheat-depletedexpandedWorking?uidvaporandproduc ingcondensate,a?rstportionofsaidcondensaterecycledto said recuperator to produce heated condensate and said heat depleted expanded Working ?uid vapor; a ?rst vaporizer receivingasecondportionofsaidcondensateandcon?gured toreceiveheatfromaloW-temperatureheatsource,thereby producing loW pressure Working ?uid vapor; and a second vaporizerreceivingsaidheatedcondensateandcon?guredto receive heat from a high-temperature heat source, thereby producingsaidhighpressureWorking?uidvapor. A furtheraspectofthepresentsubjectmatterisdraWntoa WasteheatrecoverysystemutilizingaWorking?uidcompris ing: a high pressure vapor turbine receiving high pressure Working?uidvaporandproducingpoWerandexpandedhigh pressure Working ?uid vapor; a loW pressure vapor turbine receivingloWpressureWorking?uidvaporandproducing poWer and expanded loW pressure Working ?uid vapor; a condenser receiving said expanded high pressure Working ?uid vapor and said expanded loW pressure Working ?uid vaporandproducingcondensate;a?rstvaporizerreceivinga ?rstportionofsaidcondensateandcon?guredtoreceiveheat from a loW-temperature heat source, thereby producing said loW pressure Working ?uid vapor; and a second vaporizer The present disclosure is directed to a Waste heat recovery system utilizing a Working ?uid comprising: a high pressure vaporturbinereceivinghighpressureWorking?uidvaporand producingpoWerandloWpressureWorking?uidvapor;aloW pressure vapor turbine receiving said loW pressure Working ?uidvaporandproducingpoWerandexpandedWorking?uid vapor; a recuperator receiving said expanded Working ?uid vapor and producing heat-depleted expanded Working ?uid vapor;acondenserreceivingsaidheat-depletedexpanded Working?uidvaporandproducingcondensate,saidconden sate recycled to said recuperator to produce heated conden sate and said heat-depleted expanded Working ?uid vapor; aPDF Image | MULTI-LEVEL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE POWER SYSTEM
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