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US 8,438,849B2 78 highpressurevaporizer221,Whichincreasestheextractionof heatfromtheheattransfer?uidorexhaustandformsthehigh pressure Working ?uid vapor. As inthecaseWiththecon?gurationofFIG. 1,highpres sure turbine 211 produces loW pressure Working ?uid vapor Which is combined With other loW pressure ?uid vapor and used to drive loW pressure vapor turbine 212. LoW pressure vaporizer 231 receives heat from a loWer temperature heat source such as from engine jacket coolant and/or an inter cooler of a turbo-charger of the engine and produces loW pressureWorking?uidvapor.TheloWpressureWorking?uid vapor is fed to loW pressure vapor turbine 212. a tWo pressure level organic Rankine cycle turbine system connectedtothesingleelectricgenerator217,oroptionallyto multiplegenerators. Condenser Output Directed to High Pressure Circuit FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram shoWing the operation of a systeminWhichusingacommon condenserreceivingWork ing ?uid from tWo turbines. As isthe case With the con?gu ration of FIGS. 1 and 2, the system includes a high pressure side 301 and a loW pressure side 302. DepictedarehighpressureandloWpressureturbines311, 312, connected via common drivetrain 315 to a single gen erator 317. It is also contemplated that common drivetrain 315 connects the high pressure and loW pressure vapor tur bines311,312tomultiplegenerators.Alsodepictedarehigh pressurevaporizer321,preheater325,loWpressurevaporizer 331, and a common condenser 335. TWo pumps 343, 345 are depicted.As isthecaseWiththecon?gurationofFIGS. 1and 2, high pressure vaporizer 321 receives heat from a heat transfer?uidsuchas,forexample,athermaloil,indicatedat 351, Which transfers the heat to a Working ?uid vapor, or directly from a heat source, such as heat from exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The Working ?uid vapor is used to drive high pressure vaporandloWpressurevaporturbines311,312.Examplesof suitableWorking?uidsinclude,Withoutlimitation,Water,an alcohol,ethane,propane,butane,iso-butane,n-pentane,iso pentane,hexane,iso-hexane,andmixturesthereof,asWellas asyntheticalkylatedaromaticheattransfer?uid,forexample, thealkylsubstitutedaromatic?uidTherminolLT(thecom mercialname oftheSolutiaCompany ofBelgium),amixture of isomers of an alkylated aromatic ?uid (DoWtherm J; reg isteredtrademark ofThe DoW Chemical Company, USA) as describedinUs. Pat.No. 6,960,839,thedisclosureofWhich isincorporatedbyreference.Inaddition,alsoonehighly branched, heavy iso-para?in hydrocarbon, or a mixture of tWo ormore ofsuchhydrocarbonspresentasthemajorcom ponent (i.e.,atleast50% by volume) intheWorking ?uidare includedasanon-limitingexample oftheWorking ?uid.An exemplaryclassofsuchaniso-paraf?nincludes8to20, Turbine212isaloWpressureturbine.As isthecaseWith thecon?gurationofFIG. 1,thesystemusesacommon Work ing ?uid for high pressure vapor and loW pressure vapor turbines 211 and 212, Which permits mixing of ?uids used to drive the turbines 211 and 212. LoW pressure vapor turbine 212 receives its expanded Working ?uid vapor from the dis chargeofhighpressurevaporturbine211andtheoutputfrom loWpressurevaporizer231.Thispermitshighpressurevapor turbine 211 to be optimized to e?iciently extract poWer from the out?oW from high pressure vaporizer 221, While taking into consideration that the energy from its discharge can be extractedatloWpressurevaporturbine212,makingitin25 effect a tWo stage turbine but With the additional boost obtained from the out?oW of loW pressure vaporizer 231. extract heat from the expanded Working ?uid vapor of loW pressurevaporturbine212,priortocondensingincondenser 237. 45 The heated condensate from recuperator 235 is fed to high pressure vaporizer 231 and to preheater 225 using possibly a booster pump 242. This results in the return of the high pressureWorking?uidvaporbacktohighpressurevaporizer 221andhighpressurevaporturbine211.LoWpressurevapor 50 izer 231 receives a second portion of the condensate from condenser 237 and consequentially it is not provided With ?uidfromthecoldpasssideofrecuperator235.Thisbalances the distribution of the Working ?uid condensate betWeen the high pressure and loW pressure sides and also maximizes the 55 distribution of heat to the high pressure side of the system. Thisalsooptimizestheheatextractioncapabilityofthesys tem because the temperature difference betWeen the source heat and the Working ?uid to be heated by the source heat is matchedatthehighpressuresideandattheloWpressureside. 60 As is the case With the con?guration of FIG. 1, in the con?guration of FIG. 2, the vaporizer utilizing the higher temperature heat source also provides a superheating func tion,tosuperheattheWorking?uidpresentinthevaporizer. TheuseoftWoheatsourceshavingdifferenttemperatures 65 isthereby achieved in a more e?icient manner. The heat from the tWo sources is input into tWo different vaporizers to drive having at least one methyl radical (CH3) arranged to achieve a highly stable compound. Furthermore, the branched iso paraf?ns are highly branched, meaning that they have 3-20 methylgroupsattachedtotertiaryorquaternarycarbonatoms as described in Us. Pat. No. 7,225,621, the disclosure of Whichisincorporatedbyreference.Inafurtheraspect,thelast mentionedexampleofWorking?uidcomprisesaniso-paraf ?n selected from the group consisting of iso-dodecane or 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane,iso-eicosaneor2,2,4,4,6,6,8, 10,10-nonamethylundecane, iso-hexadecane or 2,2,4,4,6,8, 8-heptamethylnonane,iso-nonaneor2,2,4,4tetramethylpen tane,oralternativelyiso-octaneor2,2,4trimethylpentaneand a mixture of tWo or more of these compounds. TheWorking?uidvaporisathighpressureandisfedfrom high pressure vaporizer 321 to high pressure turbine 311. High pressure vapor turbine 311 produces poWer and expandedhighpressureWorking?uidvapor,Whichisfedto common condenser 337. Theheattransfer?uidorexhaustgasdischargedfromhigh pressurevaporizer321isoptionallypassedthroughpreheater 325. Examples of suitable heat transfer ?uids include, With out limitation, thermal oil, synthetic heat transfer ?uid, or mixtures thereof. When preheater 325 isused, high pressure vaporizer321functionsasasuperheatertosuperheatthehigh pressureWorking?uidvaporthatisprovidedtohighpressure turbine311. 20 LoW pressure vapor turbine 212 receives heat from a fur therWorking?uidsuchas,forexample,enginejacketcoolant or heated ?uid from an intercooler of a turbo-charger and producesexpandedWorking?uidvaporWhichisfedtoahot passsideofrecuperator235,therebyproducingheat-depleted expandedWorking?uidvapor.Theheat-depletedexpanded Working?uidvaporfromrecuperator235isfedtocondenser 35 237, Whereby Working ?uid condensate is produced. The Working ?uid condensate from condenser 237 isfed to pump 241, and a ?rst portion is then directed to recuperator 235, Where the Working ?uid condensate passes the cold pass side andreceivestheheatWhichhadpreviouslybeenextracted40 fromtheexpandedWorking?uidvaporinthehotpasssideto altematively9to20,carbonatom-containinghydrocarbons produce heated condensate. Recuperator 235 is used to 30PDF Image | MULTI-LEVEL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE POWER SYSTEM
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