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11 izer 421, Which increases the extraction of heat from the heat transfer oil or exhaust and forms the high pressure Working ?uidvapor. Inthiscon?guration,the?uidcircuitsforthehighpressure side 401 and the loW pressure side 402 are separate, although turbines 411, 412 are optionally connected via the common drivetrain 415 as mentioned above. 12 US 8,438,849B2 Turbine 411 is a high pressure turbine, and receives the highpressureWorking?uidvaporfromhighpressurevapor throughhighpressurevaporizer121(FIG.1)or221(FIG.2). izer 421. High pressure vapor turbine produces poWer via generator417andalsoexpandedhighpressureWorking?uid vapor. Thetemperaturedropisrepresentedasadropfrom275°C.to 100°C.ShalloWline512ontherightsideofthegraphdepicts alessertemperaturedropthroughloWpressurevaporizer131 (FIG.1)or231(FIG.2).Thetemperaturedropisrepresented as a drop from 95° C. to 85° C. A turbine optimized for extractingenergycorrespondingtosteepline511Wouldhave vaporizer-preheater design parameters depicted by line 513 Whileaturbineoptimizedforextractingenergycorrespond ing to shalloW line 512 Would have vaporizer-preheater designparametersdepictedbyline514. The temperature drops for FIGS. 3 and 4 Would be similar, even though there is no serial ?uid connection betWeen tur bines 311 and 312 (FIG. 3). or turbines 411 and 412 (FIG. 4). In this depiction, the energy extracted from heat source depicted by steep line 511 is 3.4 MW, and the energy extractedheatsourcedepictedbyshalloWline512is1.9MW. As can be seen, the amount of energy from the heat source to shalloWline512(1.9MW) isproportionallygreaterthanthe amount extracted corresponding to steep line 511, as com pared to the differences in temperature drops. This Would resultfromalargeramountofheatbeingextractedcorre spondingtoshalloWline512,andgenerallycorrespondstoa larger volume of ?uid ?oWing through loW pressure turbine 112 (FIG. 1) or 212 (FIG. 2). Scalability The system is scalable, in that more than tWo vaporizers andturbinescanbeused.One exampleWouldbetheuseofan intercooler of a turbo-charger to provide a loW level heat source. The loW level heat source can be used to preheat the Working ?uid supplied to one of the other vaporizers, or can beusedtodriveaseparateturbine.Totheextentthatthe Working ?uid is able to extract heat from the intercooler, the additionalheatexchangeenhancestheef?ciencyoftheturbo charger. While the above description refers to an engine jacket coolantand/ortheintercoolerofasuperchargerorturbo chargerofaninternalcombustionengine,itiscontemplated thatthepresentsubjectmattercanalsobecarriedoutWherein the loW pressure vaporizer receives heat from heated ?uid from an intercooler of a compressor of a gas turbine. ItWillbeunderstoodthatmany additionalchangesinthe details,materials,stepsandarrangementofparts,Whichhave been herein described and illustrated to explain the nature of the subject matter, may be made by those skilled in the art Withintheprincipleandscopeoftheinventionasexpressedin theappendedclaims. What isclaimedis: 1.A WasteheatrecoverysystemutilizingaWorking?uid comprising: a high pressure vapor turbine receiving high pressure Working?uidvaporandproducingpoWerandloWpres sure Working ?uid vapor; a loW pressure vapor turbine receiving said loW pressure Working?uidvaporandproducingpoWerandexpanded Working?uidvapor; arecuperatorreceivingsaidexpandedWorking?uidvapor and producing heat-depleted expanded Working ?uid vapor; Expanded high pressure Working ?uid vapor from high pressure vapor turbine 411 is directed to recuperator 435 Where the Working ?uid passes through a heat extraction circuit(internaltorecuperator435;notseparatelydepicted) formingheat-depletedexpandedhighpressureWorking?uid vapor. The heat-depleted expanded high pressure Working ?uid vapor is then fed to a ?rst condenser 432. In the hot pass side,heatisextractedfromtheexpandedhighpressureWork ing ?uid vapor and transferred to a cold pass side (internal to recuperator 435; not separately depicted). Condenser 432 producesa?rstcondensate,Whichisfedtopump 442,andis then supplied to recuperator 435. The ?rst condensate passes thecoldpasssideofrecuperator435andreceivestheheat Which had been extracted from the expanded high pressure Working ?uid vapor in the hot pass side, thereby producing heated condensate. Recuperator 435 is used to extract heat from the out?oW of high pressure turbine 411, prior to con densingincondenser432andthendischargestheheatback30 intothe?uidsuppliedbypump 442.Theheatedcondensateis then fed to high pressure vaporizer 421, optionally via pre heater425. Turbine 412 is a loW pressure vapor turbine and receives loWpressureWorking?uidvaporfromloWpressurevaporizer 431. LoW pressure vaporizer 431 receives heat from a loWer temperature heat source such as from engine jacket coolant and/or heated ?uid from an intercooler of a turbo-charger of theengine.Inthisexample,loWpressurevaporizer431favor ablyincludesapreheater,depictedforexampleasintegral40 Withvaporizer431. LoW pressure vapor turbine 412 produces poWer and expanded loW pressure Working ?uid vapor. The expanded loW pressure Working ?uid vapor is provided to second con denser434,Whichproducesasecondcondensate.Thesecond45 condensateofcondenser434isdirectedtopump 441,andthe output from pump 441 is directed to loW pressure vaporizer 431 for supplying second condensate to this vaporizer. While a recuperator is not shoWn on the loW pressure side 402, itis possible to use a recuperator on the loW pressure side 402 as Well. As indicated above, high pressure side 401 and loW pres sure side 402 are connected by generator 417, Which is con nectedbyacommon drivetraintobothhighpressurevapor turbine 411 and loW pressure vapor turbine 412. The system in this example does not require the use of a common Working?uidforhighpressurevaporandloWpres sure vapor turbines 411 and 412. This permits turbines 411 and412tobeoptimizedtoef?cientlyextractpoWeraccording the thermal characteristics of their respective heat sources. Despite the separate Working ?uid circuits for turbines 411 and 412, the use of tWo heat sources having different tem peratures isthereby achieved in a more e?icient manner. The heat from the tWo sources is input into tWo different vaporiz ers to drive a tWo pressure level organic Rankine cycle turbine system connected to the single electric generator 417 or to multiplegenerators. 50 55 60 65 20 25 35 EnergyConversion FIG. 5 is a graph depicting an example of the temperature drop across a dual turbine system for a system such as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. This depiction is for explanation only and does not represent actual results or actual calcula tions. The temperatures are those of the heat source and are representedby steepline511 andshalloWline512.On theleft side of the graph, steep line 511 indicates a temperature dropPDF Image | MULTI-LEVEL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE POWER SYSTEM
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